Renaissance Humanism Paper Essay Example For Students

Renaissance Humanism Paper Essay Renaissance Humanism Paper BY advocates Renaissance Humanism encompasses the philosophy that people are capable of truth and goodness. Much of this ideology and philosophy representing art and literature, whose roots are deeply planted in classic Latin, came to the forefront in the Fifteenth Century. Art and literature in the Fifteenth Century were a revival of Greek and Roman studies, which emphasized the value of the classics for their own sake, rather than for their relevance to Christianity (Hunter Payne, 2003). Humanists believed that through the study of He classical study of text of ancient Greece and Rome (Humanism, 2007) one would be able to improve on society as a whole. During previous periods, this type of teaching was kept mostly to theologians, authors and philosophers. During the Renaissance though, the people who had the means and desire to study classical art and literature were from a broad spectrum of royalty to merchants. The students were not studying for professional reasons but more so for pleasure. The interest in art broadened from works Classical Greece to what, at the time of the Renaissance, were referred to as contemporary works and existed as objects of learning or ideal beauty Literature had its foundation deep in classical roots and there are many similarities and contrasting points of view in their themes. One of the most significant documents of literature, during this period, was the theses (intellectual propositions) written by Giovanni Pico Della Miranda which was entitled Oration of the Dignity of Man. The theme of this work Is that humanity stands at the apex of creation in a way such as to create the link between the world of God and that of the creation (Cunningham Reich, 2006). Stating simply that man is the peak of the two forces, one being God and the other being all that is around him. One of the scholars that Miranda studied was the Greek Philosopher, Plato and his Platonic Realism. Plato believed that good people attain their reward for goodness in another world (Ross, 2001). Once those have completed their life on this earth, they will be Justly rewarded in the next world. Man has passed the point of being in between the two worlds and has now Joined the world of God. In the Oration of the Dignity of Man, Miranda states, of what may e the condition in the hierarchy of beings assigned to him, which draws upon him the envy, not of the brutes alone, but of the astral beings and of the very intelligences which dwell beyond the confines of the world. A thing surpassing belief and smiting the soul with wonder. Still, how could it be otherwise? For it is on this ground that man is, with complete Justice, considered and called a great miracle and being worthy of all admiration (Braid, 2000). This is a direct correlation what theories are and is where to in The basic hierarchy, or Great Chain of Being, included God, the angels, man, animals, plants and inanimate objects, with each of the orders below God subdivided into it constituent hierarchies as well (Hunter Payne, 2003). When these are in harmony, man is close to God, but yet never equal to God. Miranda is stating that men are Just, honest with morals and values but more than anything there is a predetermination of man that he was not placed by accident, but there is a justification that man has been placed here At last, the Supreme Maker decreed that this creature, to whom He could give nothing wholly his own, should have a his creature of indeterminate image, He set him in the middle of the world and thus spoke to him (Braid, 2000). In Plats most famous work, The Republic he focuses on the basic thought of is it always better to be Just than unjust (Brown, 2003)? .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a , .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a .postImageUrl , .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a , .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a:hover , .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a:visited , .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a:active { border:0!important; } .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a:active , .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u730d7fe90c1a0691b3a9a86b50a95d8a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Art 101: Northern Renaissance 15th CenturyPlato also believed that there is some interesting and non-accidental relation between the structural features and values of society and the psychological features and values of persons (Levin, 2004). What Plato is stating is the link between what society wants and expects versus what our personal values and morals are. Throughout The Republic there are themes of politics, culture and philosophy but the overall theme Plato suggests is that there is no such thing as absolute truth. The truths that are told are because men are good and God is the cause only of good (Brown, 2003. However, when a lie is told Plato asks, which more ful ly is: something that partakes of the laws alike, immortal and true, is that way itself, and appears in things like that, or something that partakes of and appear in the never alike and mortal, and is that way itself (Brown, 2003)? Through this, Plato is ascribing that when a lie is told is it more Just to be truthful but immortal or is it better to be unjust and lie and be mortal? This is a question that is still relevant today in how people accept responsibility for their actions and words. Through the many examples and teachings of the Bible, it has been Gods purpose to bestow in the heart of individuals the true meaning of their purpose. These two pieces of literature, although written thousands of years apart, both have a similar theme and direct correlation that it is not by chance that man was created and placed on earth UT rather that there is a purpose from a higher being Whether or not theyre seen for what they are by all gods and men (Hunter Payne, 2003). Humanists, such as Miranda, took their literary cue from the classical philosophy and they had this ability to make his arguments because of what was learned. Central to the development of Renaissance art was the emergence of the artist as a creator, sought after and respected for his erudition and imagination. Art, too, became valuednot merely as a vehicle for religious and social didactics, but even more as a mode of arsenal, aesthetic expression (Pooch, 2002). As in the literature of the Renaissance, there is a link between the art of Classical Greece and Renaissance art. Renaissance art had developed a renewed interest largely in part to Saint Francis of Chassis who educated people to See God in the beauty of the world and its creatures (Cunningham Reich, 2006). Religion is a focus between Classical Greek art and Renaissance art. The drama again arose, from Greek precedents recovered by Italy and often seen through Italian eyes (Braid, 2000) speaks to the root of what Classical Greek art was; an expression of stories, religion, and emotions. The styles in which both Greek and Renaissance art expressed this were different, but both came back to the same theme. Renaissance artists Turned their attention out to the natural world, so often rejected by medieval men, and took an active role as responsible players in the world and its history with its belief man is the measure of all things (Birdman, 1973). As seen in how literature was focused on man as a natural being, art had begun to take this approach as well. In the Classical Greek period there were two predominant forms of artistic expression: painting of pottery and sculptures. Stories of daily life, war, sports, Gods by which things were Judged and measured. Buildings were built to accommodate the body and please the eye of a man, not a giant. Gods were portrayed as resembling human beings, not fantastic creatures. And the ruler the lawmaker and judge was for the first time the ordinary citizen (Button-Oliver, 1992). A classic example of this statement is the sculpture of Aphrodite Playing with Eros (http:// www. Rearrangements. Org/HTML_En/03/ham_1 _LLC. HTML). This is representing that man is mortal and it portrays a moment of peace and play between a mother and child. .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3 , .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3 .postImageUrl , .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3 , .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3:hover , .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3:visited , .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3:active { border:0!important; } .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3:active , .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3 .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u84ced80c13999cc5c759ac8ad68d89a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Renaissance, Reformation, Absolution and Exploration MCEven though Aphrodite is portrayed as a mother and not God as thought of and depicted in other forms of artwork. The Greeks felt that truth was to be found in the natural world, including mans body and mind, not in some mystical, incorporeal world (Suffix n. D. From http://www. All-art. Org/history. HTML). Greeks studied the real, the physical, the natural in their search for truth and wisdom. This sis into how Greek literature was approached, not in the context of religion, but in the central fugue not being godlike but rather one of man kind. During the Renaissance, Italians of the Renaissance looked much further back into history, to fine their spiritual ancestors in ancient Greece (Murray, 1963). Once again we see a correlation between the art of the time and the literature. The art work of the Renaissance Shows not only realism in the figures, but also a profound sense of human emotions: the shame and the dismay (Cunningham Reich, 2006). Madonna with the Carnation (Madonna with the Vase) by Leonardo dad Vinci (http:// is a primary example of the work of the time.

Sample Detailed Essay Outlines - Writing For Your Course

Sample Detailed Essay Outlines - Writing For Your CourseIn an essay, you can also include a sample detailed essay outline as an appendix. This will help you understand how the college or university assigns each topic. It is important to read your sample outline and ask yourself if the content fits the curriculum. If not, you may need to make some changes to the assignment before it is submitted.You will want to have a full understanding of the sentence structure and vocabulary for the essay you are writing. Some teachers may look at your writing as they grade it, and some may ask you for clarification on grammar and spelling. You will also want to be able to clearly communicate the subject matter of the paper with your writing.Be sure to state the objective of the paper clearly when writing your topic and explain what the student expects to gain from reading your topic. Describe in detail the benefits of your topic that students will benefit from. Students need to know why you are wr iting the paper so they can better use the information.Explain your objectives carefully and clearly. Explain in detail what students will gain from reading the paper. You want to include a brief summary of your objectives. The goal is to get your points across to your readers quickly.The purpose of an essay is to discuss the information presented and make an argument about it. Use the focus of the essay to create a solid foundation for your written argument. Include bullet points that explain what is to be discussed in each paragraph.Sometimes, students get too many ideas in their heads during the essay. As a teacher, you will want to limit the amount of subject matter that students get to write about. You do not want them to be confused about what is going on in the essay.You may want to set up a time for students to brainstorm ideas. Students can only write about ideas they are able to see, hear, or experience. This is a good way to get students to start writing a topic on paper. Do not expect your students to read the essay right away. Give them plenty of time to research the topic before they start writing it. Do not make the mistake of having them write a lot of content after they have read the outline. You do not want them reading too much at once, because they may miss the point of the outline.

Factors Before Introducing Ethno Tourist Holidays Tourism Essay Example

Factors Before Introducing Ethno Tourist Holidays Tourism Essay Tourism develops faster than of all time earlier, non merely because it increases the local economic sciences but besides gives more opportunities for tourers to understand the differences civilization exists around us. Establishing on all the benefits, authoritiess in many tourer metropoliss were dedicated the schemes of developing tourer industries. To better competitions in countries of touristry, travel companies should spread out their concern into novel and diversified manners. Developing ethno-tourism is a sort of them which should be considered. Ethno-tourism was defined by Wood ( 1980 ) as Tourss of living civilization , that means tourers should come in themselves into the spirit of the topographic points or they may public presentation as the local people during the travelling that could understand deeply of the civilization. Ethno-tourism is focus on the people who did nt cognize the civilization of the tourer territory and besides populating out of this sort of civilization. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Before Introducing Ethno Tourist Holidays Tourism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Before Introducing Ethno Tourist Holidays Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Before Introducing Ethno Tourist Holidays Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer MacCannell ( 1984:375 ) claimed the ethno-tourism occupies the conceptual infinite between bio-genetic thoughts of race and socio-genetic thoughts of civilization. Researching the unknown universe is human s natural behaviour, during 19th and 20th the costs increased by tourers can better it. For illustration Word Bank ( 1983 ) reported in Hong Kong ( south Asian ) , the touristry receipts up from 30.8 1000000s dollars to 1449.0 1000000s dollars from the twelvemonth 1960 to 1981. Tourism industries developed really rapidly, and ethno-tourism as a sort of new manners are concerned by so many tourer companies. Whereas, sing from the benefits the companies could acquire from ethno-tourism people besides should see the negativeness touristry would happen in tourer topographic points, will it upset the lives of local people, or overdevelopment of natural resources? Choosing expand ethno-tourism as a new concern in company is a good sentiment, nevertheless duties is besides need to see w hen people get benefits from it. The undermentioned essay will see from the positive and negative of ethno-tourism. The fist portion contains the fiscal benefits ethno-tourism brings to local authorities and tourer industry. Besides ethno-tourism becomes a tendency of touristry. The 2nd portion will see from the negative side of ethno-tourism, like damaging natural environment and some sort of altering to local civilization. At the terminal of this essay, I would wish to give some suggestions base on some research and literatures. Ethno-tourism as a alone manner of touristry could raise much more income for tourer topographic points. Some of the tourer topographic points were existent hapless before touristry come ining into their location, it goes without developing, and lasting was a difficult work. Through pass oning with tourers, autochthonal population becomes assurance to their tradition and civilization. Ethno-tourism gives the local people many opportunities to increase their personal income. Obviously ethno-tourism is really popular in tourers. No longer content to jab about understanding the surface of a topographic point, tourers desire to happen out the deep significance of a topographic point, like the traditional behaviour and civilization. That is a chief ground why ethno-tourism becomes more and more popular around the universe. There are many topographic points had got a batch of benefit from ethno-tourism, for illustration a popular tourer metropolis: Mexico. Since its finance crisis in 1982 ( the chief ground is debt jobs ) the authorities of Mexico launched discriminatory policies on touristry particularly on ethno-tourism to develop their economic. And now, the touristry is one of the largest export industries with oil and mills goods in gross of Mexico ( Turismo 2001:25-37 ) . And now Mexico is one of the most popular finishs tourers like to take in their programs because of its ethno-tourism. In 1999, there are 19 million tourers travel in Mexico, and in 2000, the tourers figure raised to 20.6 million. The large addition Numberss of tourers conveying a high benefits for Mexico, grosss had got $ 7.2 1000000s in 1999 and in 2000 it arrived $ 8.3 million. Ethno-tourism created at least 1.9 million occupations to local people and gave them a really great chance to better their personal income. In add-on, it contributed 8.9 % to the GDP of Mexico. It is non a little figure. With the fast velocity of developing in touristry, particularly in ethno-tourism, Mexico authorities made a batch of schemes to better their competition in tourer industries all over the universe. There is a jubilation called Day of Dead in Mexico. During the yearss, many tourers came from their states to take part this jubilation. With the regular costs to take attention of tourers, authorities has the duty to retrace the roads and streets of the metropolis. They suggested families reconstruct their house for accepting more tourers. Now most of the family could supply suites, repasts, drink for their invitees. It seems everything becomes much better. It is a good state of affairs to pull more tourers to go at that place. For tourers, they loved to set their in functions when they have ethno-tourism in some topographic points ; they have a jubilation with local people, respect the faiths which exist in different topographic points. Scott ( 2004 ) interviewed some of people in Bratislava ( E of Poland ) when there have a tradition which called Kupaly. One of the interviewed was a adult female came from the E, she had her ain eating house and she was 38 at that clip. She expressed that she and her hubby loved accumulate the civilizations, because through that, she could acquire a batch of different experiences of the universe and besides could experience the different sensitiveness in her when she immersed herself into ethno-tourism. And besides she found there was no exclude foreigner in her head. Most of tourers thought the traditional civilization is the best gift which ethno-tourism could give them and it ever impressed them profoundly. Every twelvemonth in the same clip the traditional jubilation w ill keep, the lone thing will be changed is the misss ages who public presentation in the jubilations. Harmonizing to the fundss benefits tourer topographic points and tourer companies would acquire from ethno-tourism, it seems people should advance it with no uncertainty. However, every thing has its two sides, there is positive side and negative side, which means people should non merely watch the positive side of the event but besides need to believe about the negative side. As the study Scott ( 2004 ) wrote, for tourers, ethno-tourism indulging their wonder. Whereas many local people felt ambivalent about developing ethno-tourism. Because of the development of ethno-tourism began upseting their normal lives. From one manus, more and more tourers come here to take part into the jubilation like developing their faith and tradition, from other manus jubilation means one of the most of import events in tradition, the effects by concern involved make it seems no longer simple. Kearney ( 1995 ) and Teo and Li ( 2003 ) argued that although there ever have argument on societal scientific discipline look about ethno-business effects local country. However there are two elements bing without uncertainty, the first 1 is, the local authorities ever keeps its cardinal function in ethno-business ( Panitch 1994 ) . Without base on balls planetary understanding, local authorities will do some determinations depend on developing local economic and fitting tourers demands. The 2nd 1 is stated by Sliver ( 1993 ) and Wood ( 1997 ) as people ever have the power in despite of regulations remain in natural planetary organisation in the whole procedure. Greenwood ( 1989 ) gave an illustration to exemplify these two statements. Spain s national festival calendar is popular with planetary tourers, in order to raise the income, local authorities decided increase the public presentation on the jubilation which means no longer public presentation as tradition, but nonmeaningfu l public shows. Many local people are annoyed for the local authorities s behaviour ; they refused public presentation, so the local authorities had to pay for them to affect the jubilation. Puting aside the fiscal ground, there are some jobs need people to pay their attending excessively. Verner ( 2009 ) cited that in Colombian Amazon the economic benefits from touristry are non every bit good as authorities hoped. There is a touristry company in Colombian Amazon named Yewae Visitor Centre ( YVC ) , while YVC paid approximately 10 % net income to the communities, the communities need paid 20 employees income and many costs on environmental protection. The environmental job of Tourist topographic points ever a biggest job confronting to local people. Overdeveloping natural resources causes a batch of inadvertent species confronting disappeared in the close hereafter. Too much-traveling disturb the natural species lives, and merely sing on fiscal grounds local mills utilizing immense natural resources to bring forth nutrient and gifts for sale to tourers. Harmonizing to benefits, immature coevalss have to larn new linguistic communication in order to affect the tourer markets. The demand of electric power and clean H2O go more serious. Many tourers like taking Pacific delicate countries as their ethno-tourism finishs. For illustration: mountains, seashore and little islandsaˆÂ ¦after damaging the environment so they leaves. Furthermore, tourer companies in order to pull tourers to construct a luxury hotel and golf nines or other installations on old natural land. Obviously, it breaks the balance between wildlife and nature. Over tourers increase the hazards of illness, the demands of wellness attention in these topographic points increase dramatically. Many of tourer topographic points substructure still fall behind, they could non back up force per unit areas in the peak yearss of touristry. Water pollution, wastrel disposal are limited. All of them lead earnestly environmental pollution. Establishing on these grounds, authoritiess and besides include tourist companies who can acquire the most fiscal benefits from ethno-tourism have to reconsider these jobs. As a tourer company, there is no uncertainty that expand the concern like ethno-tourism could convey a batch of fiscal benefits, nevertheless at that place besides have some duties should be focus on if company consider come ining in ethno-business. Green ( 1995:152 ) recorded in 1978 the National Plan of Tourism provide some discriminatory policy for tourer industry, in order to development their economic sciences, moreover based on sing protect the environment there were some extra clauses in the discriminatory policy. Some recommendations are provided to tourist companies: the first 1 is Tourist Company should acknowledge the tourer topographic points as the exclusive middlemans and esteem the tourer topographic points. Second, Tourist Company should command is activities under the policy which was made by local authorities and do certain the local people could acquire much benefits from touristry industry, that is make certain local people have adequate fiscal abilities to protect and better their topographic points. Third, under local authorities s managing, Tourism industry should obey the conditions which including the program of utilizing and developing land of tourer topographic points. Fourth, for local people and local touristry direction organisations, they besides have duties to track the impact signifier ethno-tourism and cut down the injury from it, particularly environment and civilization. Fifth, if any tourer activities need to utilize any natural resort or could bring forth any har m, they should subscribe a contract with local tourer organisations or authorities, to vouch them. Sixth, authorities should give more support to tourist topographic points, which including fiscal support, information exchange, better substructure adequate clean H2O and adequate electronic poweraˆÂ ¦ Seventh, better the instruction by authorities in tourer topographic points, which could do certain the following coevals still could aware that the cultural and environment is really of import. Expand a concern like ethno-tourism is existent benefits both tourist company and tourer topographic points, nevertheless, if people merely concentrate on the economic benefits, but ignore their duties, it besides could convey a large harm including fiscal and environmental jobs. Although, it seems litter hard to maintain the balance between Development and protection, people should maintain making it. That is the lone ways could acquire existent benefits from ethno-tourism for a long clip.

Biology Stem Cell Research Paper Essays

Biology Stem Cell Research Paper Essays Biology Stem Cell Research Paper Essay Biology Stem Cell Research Paper Essay Ernie Reed BIO-013/ Stem Cell Research Sullivan 11. 10. 2010 STEM CELL RESEARCH What is a stem cell? One can define a stem cell as a cell type that is found in many tissues. This particular cell is unique in the fact that it can divide itself over and over virtually to an infinite number. This process of reproduction ensures that the cells can restore other cells that may have gotten damaged; this process may only occur if the person is still living. The same goes for animals. As the stem cell reproduces; the reproduced cell has the possibility to remain an identical cell or form into a more specific â€Å"specialized† stem cell that may be responsible for things such as brain cells, muscle cells, or even red blood cells. There are individual facts and spheres that promote â€Å"unspecialized† stem cells; these findings are a pertinent concernment to scientists. The reason being, is that the stem cell has a phenomenal capability of invigorating itself. Nonetheless there is an extreme amount of scientific research and lab testing that needs to be performed to truly appreciate the knowledge of how stem cells work; and how they can work for what is known as cell-based therapy. When scientists perform these lab studies on stem cells; they are attempting to facilitate the fundamental properties. Scientists are deciphering the difference between stem cells and the types of cells that may be of a specialized nature. This has allowed the scientists to veil new drugs, as well as the development of model classifications. Examples of this may include the inquiry of prevalent growth, and pinpoint the factors that cause some irregularities in common birth defects. The continuous inquisition of stem cells advances the doctrine of how organisms develop from only a single cellule, and how it promotes the reinstatement of mutilated cells in an adult morphon.

Brands in Retail Market Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Brands in Retail Market - Literature review Example Brands give products a unique identity or name with the help of a name / design or logo which catches the imagination of the customers. â€Å"A brand is an experience that lives at the intersection of promise and expectation. Your products are a way to deliver upon that promise. Forget features; concentrate on the unique experience you can provide† (Savard & Gallagher, 2010). The goal of retailers is to build strong brand identity to compete with other players in the industry. The paper discusses the implications and strategic significance of retail branding and its impact on customer choice and preference of stores. Introduction The retailing industry has gained increased prominence over the past few decades with growing consumerism in countries and wide range of products flooding the markets vying for consumer attention. The retail industry comprises of the department stores, local shops, discount stores, and specialty stores that form the vital link between the manufacturer s and customers. The global retail industry has witnessed significant changes in the post globalization period with markets opening to multinational products and brands making their way to the retail counters. The small local retail shops are disappearing to large multinational retail chain stores that have created a brand image for their quality of service and range of products available under one roof. Popular retail chain stores like Tesco, Walmart, Marks and Spencer have adopted international expansion strategies to increase market shares and profits. â€Å"Indeed, the larger the company, the more likely it is to operate beyond its domestic borders and to generate a higher percentage of its sales from foreign operations† (Deloitte, 2009). Brand management has emerged as a critical top management function for a business in the last decade. Brand image is increasingly being acknowledged as one of the most valuable intangible assets for a company. In the highly competitive r etailing industry, branding has a very important role to play in influencing customer perceptions and enhancing store loyalty. In the United States grocery and general merchandise industry, retailing has made major inroads in the last few years. The surge in promotions and private labels has been seen as an indicator of increase in retailer power. Simultaneously, there has also been a significant increase in the number of discounters and warehouse clubs. This has put a lot of pressure on traditional retailers. Retail competition has increased and become cut throat both within and between retail formats. Based on these observations the research provides an insight into the different perspectives that have emerged in driving customers to the retail chain stores. What role does branding play in influencing choice of retail stores and how do customers differentiate one retail brand from the other? These are some of the vital questions that are answered by the research paper through an a nalysis of existing literature and theoretical perspectives defining customer decision making process. Retail branding – a conceptual overview Retail branding is an evolving concept that has transformed the way customers shop today and it has generated a lot of speculation on how retail brands influence customers. Retail branding has been defined by Zentes, Morschett, and Schramm-Klein in their book Strategic Retail Management (2007) as â€Å"

Becoming a Successful Student in Prince Sultan University Research Paper

Becoming a Successful Student in Prince Sultan University - Research Paper Example Becoming successful at PSU depends on one's personality, personnel management, emphatic communication, discipline, class attendance and having a vision in life. Excellence in life depends on one's personality and the external environment, and success is dependent on the one's trait. In academia, students need to focus on themselves and beware of the company they keep as this is one of the elements that determine one's prosperity. Friends can build or destroy one's character (Congos 2). This, in turn, influences the academic performance and personal growth goal in the university. Therefore, avoidance of bad company is essential as it ruins good moral. Personal management is one of the determinants of becoming a successful student. This element shapes the lives of students by managing things like time, personal growth activities that enhance the social life on campus (Covey 73). One should be able to become active by balancing academics and personal growth activities, which include attending social events, participating in sports among other activities. One should complete classwork before engaging in those activities. Empathic communication is another habit that may guarantee success in college life. This enables one to communicate clearly to convey the intended information without causing any misunderstanding to his/her lecturers, school staff and fellow students (Covey 119). Communication is one of the most important factors that shape one's life as it determines how one can interact with other people in the university. University assignments tend to test how a student can express his/her ideas in a manner that will be understood. Therefore, being clear in communication enhances success in a campus. Mission and vision are fundamental elements of becoming a successful student in PSU. The moment a student joins the campus, he/she should develop personal vision and mission that will guide him/her to achieve the set goals and expectation in his studies.Understanding the end will help the student to understand how his/her present actions will constitute to the end results.  

Translational Heading Control of a Hovering Platform

Translational Heading Control of a Hovering Platform Translational Heading Control of a Hovering Platform using Multiple Control Logic The main objective of this project is to design an attitude control system of a nonlinear and unstable system, which is a Hovercraft, a machine that can move on the land or water, and it is supported by cushion that has high compressed air inside. Attitude control of the hovercraft is considered a major challenge because of the friction offered by skirt and the aircushion. The main idea of this project is the development of a wireless controlled hovercraft testbed connected to a computer. The proposed control strategy for the attitude stabilization will be based upon Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and Fuzzy Logic for the comparison of transient response, steady-state error and input output constraints satisfaction by the user. Thus ensuring if any disturbances are inflicted on the hovercraft, the controllers will be able to maintain the desired position. The reference for the attitude control will be provided from the computer. The magnetometer will measure the attitude in real-time and controllers will be implemented on myRIO. TABLE OF Contents Declaration Final Year Project Acknowledgements Abstract CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Framework 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Scope 1.4 Report Structure CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Recent Study References 1.1 Project Framework The hovercraft is a fascinating ground vehicle that possesses the unique ability to float above land or water. Riding on a cushion of air endows the hovercraft with many interesting and useful properties. Unlike wheeled robots, which feature constrained kinematics, the hovercraft can move freely in any direction. For example, although the lateral direction of travel is not usually actuated, the hovercraft is completely free to move sideways. In addition, the Coulomb damping acting on a hovercraft is minimal. The translational and attitude control perception of a hovercraft can be protracted to many control uses. A hovercraft that can rotate and attains a desired position while being mobile at the same time is designed and developed using motors, H-bridge motor driver, battery, magnetometer and NI myRIO. The controllers are designed using the software NI LabVIEW, which are then compiled and burnt on a NI hardware myRIO. The purpose of the control is to estimate the attitude of the platform with the help of sensors. Thus resulting in the use of the attained information from the sensors to make the propellers rotate in the required direction to sustain or alter the position of the hovercraft. An angular position based on the response of the control will be provided to the magnetometer. The response of the control will be transmitted through the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control, which will either make the dc motors work clockwise or anticlockwise for the translation, and attitude control of the hovercraft. These values are then added and returned to the actuator, which requires this for the production a counter torque used to set the required position of the mobile hovercraft. Fuzzy Logic and PID controllers both will be implemented and used for this project where a detailed comparison will also be performed between the two using NI LabVIEW software and NI myRIO hardware. 1.2 Objectives The aim is to develop the proposed controlled strategy for the attitude and translational control of a hovercraft, which will be based upon PID, and Fuzzy Logic set with myRIO that will measure and compute the comparison of transient response, steady-state error, and input output constraints by the user and other key parameters. All the controllers will be designed in NI LabVIEW and implemented on NI myRIO. Development of a testbed based upon multi-rotor hovercraft. Control of translational and rotational movements through wireless link. Development and testing of PID controller for the attitude control of Hovercraft. Development and testing of Fuzzy controller for the attitude control of Hovercraft. Performance comparison (Transient response, peak time, settling time, steady-state error) of above mentioned controllers. 1.3 Scope The opportunities for gaining knowledge through this project will be: Using material available easily for the development of the mobile hovercraft. Translational and heading Control of the hovercraft using NI LabVIEW Using a magnetometer for the measurement of the incline along Z-axis. Understanding the working of translational and heading control and interfacing sensors at the same time. Using NI myRIO as the mainboard of the mobile hovercraft. Implementation of PID Controller on NI myRIO. Use of PID for the attitude control of the hovercraft. Implementation of Fuzzy Controller on NI myRIO. Use of Fuzzy Controller for the attitude control of the hovercraft. Measuring the Key Parameters (transient response, steady-state error etc.) of both the controllers. Performing a comparison between both the balancing controllers. 1.4 Report Structure As a summary, the flow of this report is briefly described below: Chapter 1: Introduction that provides the background, objectives and scope of the Project. Chapter 2: Literature review of the recent studies based on this project. Also contains a brief description of the different concepts used. 2.1 Recent Study Hovercraft is an air cushion vehicle, ACV, equipped for voyaging over land, water, mud or ice and different surfaces [1]. Many control techniques have been used to compromise for issues like computer torque methods [2], developed on the foundation of PID feedback [3] [4]. Optimal control [5], adaptive control [6], variable structure control (VSC) [7], neural networks (NNs), and fuzzy systems [8] are a few of the recommended control techniques. On the other hand, these strategies are only possible when the mechanical dynamic forces of the hovercraft are well known. A detailed study on the two above mentioned controller techniques i.e. PID and Fuzzy will be carried out for the control of the mobile platform. A hovercraft is not quite the same as other more ordinary, earthbound vehicle in that it requires no surface contact for footing and it can move unreservedly over an assortment of surface while bolstered ceaselessly on a self-produced pad of air. Researches have been made to concentrate the outline qualities and working rule of the air cushion vehicle, and utilize standard estimations to decide the lift powers required. The measurements of the air hole created are likewise computed particularly. The push powers required are enormously lessened because of the decrease in frictional strengths [1]. A famous inventor named Christopher Cockrell in 1955 devised the idea of hovercraft. It is a new means of transportation. The hovercraft is different from other transportation vehicles in a way that it has no contact with the ground and it rides on a cushion of air hence known as Air-Cushion-Vehicle (ACV). He carried out a set of experiments to observe and learn the force that an air jet could produce. Encouraged by the results he designed and made a simple hovercraft, which was a plate with a hole in the middle. A fan supplied the airflow through the hole lifting the plate off the ground. This design was far from optimal. The pressure of the fan was not used efficiently and obstacles in the surface were a problem. After this first design, the hovercraft has undergone a lot of development. British government provided funding for the development of hovercrafts because they saw possibilities to use it for military purposes. In 1959, the first hovercraft prototype crossed the English Ch annel. In 1962, a passenger service by hovercraft began. The largest passenger hovercraft in the world is used for the Dover to Calais crossing. It can carry 380 passengers and 40 cars. It can attain a speed of 70 mph (miles per hour), which makes it one of the fastest ferries in the world [9]. In a research paper the author, Michael McPeake discussed about the history of the hovercraft in 2004. The author discussed the very early hovercraft used named SR.N1. This hovercraft was considered the first real craft because most of the other hovercrafts at that time resembled the planes. The skirt size used on this model was 6 inches long and later to enhance the speed they shortened the skirt size to 4.5 inches and converting to gas turbine engines hence this doubled the speed of the hovercraft. In the book written by R. M. W. Sanders, the author used Electro Cruiser, an amphibious hovercraft as his experimental model. In order to analyze the hovercraft model, the author derived a dynamical model of the hovercraft with the Newton-Euler method. The author only conducted the simulation study and not tested the controller strategy with the real hardware [9]. The U.S Naval Army used the hovercraft in Vietnam. For two years, they used hovercraft against the Vietnamese guerrillas and for ground combat. The hovercraft model they used named SR-5. After the war, the last SK-5 became a showpiece at museum [9]. At the University of Moratuwa, a project was carried out in which they made a testbed to analyze the potential capabilities of a hovercraft [10]. The students at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign also have made a hovercraft testbed for Cooperative control [11]. From the study of paper Comparison between PID And Fuzzy Controllers Used In Mobile Robot Control, where a comparison has been performed between the concerned controllers, it is known that the main issue in the fuzzy controller is that it takes a longer time for computation as compared to the PID controller. The reason for this delay is due to the fuzzification of the inputs, calculation of the experiment through inference and defuzzification of the outputs [12]. In paper Amphibious hovercraft course control based on support vector machines adaptive PID, adaptive PID controller based on support vector machines (SVM) is applied in the course control of a hovercraft, but no comparison was performed using other controllers. This control technique demonstrates that the controller designed accomplishes high dynamic and enduring exhibitions, which brings another viable technique to take care of the issue of air cushion vehicle course control [13]. Other techniques like flatness based approach, dynamic feedback control and neural networks are applied as supplementary controllers to aid the PID controller by refining the forces against the turmoil [14]. Fuzzy Logic has been applied in the paper Fuzzy reasoning as a control problem, but no hardware experimentation has been performed. Fuzzy logic is commonly used for characterizing human speech terms into mathematical expressions for the controlling of a system. The steps taken to form the optimal rules for this logic are rather time consuming. Despite this drawback, this controller operates better than PID controllers due to their non-linear functions, which therefore lead to infinite advantages [15]. Although many comparisons have been performed over the years between PID and Fuzzy Controllers. The goal of this bachelor project is to set up a feedback controlled laboratory hovercraft using NI myRIO as a real-time controller. Apart from control, designing the electrical and mechanical system for this hovercraft is also a part of the assignment. [1] V. Abhiram, A Study On Construction and Working Principle of a Hovercraft, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 308-313, 2014. [2] G. B. G. a. T. N. M. Nafar, Using modified fuzzy particle swarm optimation algorithm for parameter estimation of surge arresters models, International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 567-581, 2012. [3] J. J. Criag, Introduction to Robotics, New Jersey: Mass: Addison Wisley, 2004. [4] M. V. M. W. Spong, Robot Dynamics and Control, New York: J.Wiley Sons, 2003. [5] I. C. J. C. a. C. S. W.H. H. S.H. Chen, Design of stable and Quardratic-Optimal Static Output Feedback Controllers for TS-Fuzzy-Model-Based Control Systems, 8: 1, 2012. [6] K.-S. S. T.-H. S. L. a. S.-H. Tsai, Observer-based adaptive Fuzzy Robust controller with self-adjusted membership functions for a class of uncertain MIMO non-linear systems, International Journal of Innovative Computing and Control, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1419-1437, 2012. [7] J. Z. P. S. a. Y. Xia, Robust Adaptive Sliding-Mode Control for Fuzzy Systems with mismatched uncertainties, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 700-711, 2010. [8] O. D. a. .. H. H. S. C. Elmas, Adaptive fuzzy logic controller for DC-DC converters, Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 1540-1548, 2009. [9] M. McPeake, History of Hovercraft, Ms Giffen Tech High Senior Engineering, New York, 2012. [10] Project Hovercraft, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, 2014. [11] First-year engineering students get creative at IEFX Explorations, Urbana-Champaign, 2016. [Online]. Available: www.mechanical.illinois.edu. [12] N. P. a. O. C. C. Popescu, Comparison between PID And Fuzzy Controllers Used In Mobile Robot Control, Annals of DAAAM Proceedings, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 223, 2011. [13] Z. L. M. F. a. C. W. X. Shi, Amphibious hovercraft course control based on support vector machines adaptive PID, IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics (ICAL), pp. 287-292, 2011. [14] H. S.-R. a. C. A. Ibanez, The control of the hovercraft system: a flatness based approach, IEEE International Conference on Control Applications. Conference Proceedings, pp. 692-697, 2000. [15] K.-Y. C. a. L. Zhang, Fuzzy reasoning as a control problem, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 600-614, 2008.