Heineken

[Tapez le nom de la societe] 11 HEINEKEN [Tapez le sous-titre du document] poste Introduction I. The presentation of the company: HEINEKEN 1. A brief look at the history of Heineken 2. Brewing beer 3. Heineken product’s II. The presentation of market 1. Nature of marketing 2. Nature of applied research 3. Situation analysis of Heineken 4. Heineken and advertising III. My project 1. Product development strategy 2. Concept development and testing 3. Suggestions Conclusion Introduction: Heineken has wide international presence through a global network of distributors and breweries. Heineken owns and manages one of the world’s leading portfolios of beer brands and is one of the world’s leading brewers in term of sales volume and profitability. I. The presentation of the company: HEINEKEN 1. A brief look at the history of Heineken: The Heineken family entered the beer business in 1864, when Gerard Adrian Heineken bought a brewery in the heart of Amsterdam. Over the past 140 years, three generations of the Heineken family have built and expanded the brand and the company in Europe and around the world. It is thanks to the leadership of Gerard, Henry and Alfred Heineken that Heineken is one of the world’s leading brewing groups. The Heineken company name stands for many things. It began as a family business; three generations of Heineken, each with their own approach to building the business. It became Europe`s favorite beer brand – successfully exporting to every corner of the world. The history of Heineken starts on December 16th  1863. It was Gerard Adrian Heineken who, in 1864, bought the Amsterdam brewery â€Å"The Haystack†, which dated from 1592. In doing so, he laid the foundation for the Heineken concern, which was to acquire widespread international fame as time went by. Within a few years Gerard Adrian Heineken succeeded in increasing sales so much that the brewery in Amsterdam soon became too small. In 1867 construction of a new brewery began just outside the old city. His legacy was a brewery which had grown into one of the biggest and most important in the Netherlands. At the end of the nineteenth century, the competition from other breweries increased. From the 1950s onwards under the leadership of Alfred Heineken, who was the chairman of the Executive Board of Heineken NV, Heineken expanded to become an International Company. He gave the Heineken label worldwide fame and gave it a unique image. It was Alfred Heineken who came to the conclusion that beer was not a local or regional product but that beer could travel. He laid the basis for the international structure and organization of the Heineken concern. Thanks to the initiative of the Heineken family and its response to the changes in the world beer market, Heineken has grown to become the world`s most international beer brand. In the old days deliveries would be made by horse-drawn cart, but nowadays lorries take care of this. Loaded into the huge container ships in the port of Rotterdam, Heineken beer finds its way across the whole world. The export of Heineken beer took off at an early date. In the period between the two world wars, Heineken was exported to Belgium, France, Britain, West Africa and Indonesia. In 1933 Heineken became the first foreign brewery to export beer to the United States after the prohibition. That turned out to be a great success. But there is more – apart from exporting beer, Heineken also acquired stakes in the local breweries all over the world. It has also built its own breweries. Today, Heineken is sold in around 170 countries in all parts of the world; the company also has ties with 116 productions units in 57 countries. Heineken has in recent years been drawing attention to the Heineken brand by making increasing use of sponsorship. Heineken has recently sponsored the Rugby World Cup in South Africa, the  US Open, the  Davis Cup Tennis Tournament, the  Heineken Classic Golf Tournament  and the  Saint Maarten Regatta  in the Caribbean. Sports sponsorship is only one of the ways that Heineken can contribute to the lives of their customers. The Heineken brand is also strongly associated with music. They sponsor –  The Montreux,  Puerto Rico  and Umbria Jazz Festivals. 2. Brewing beer: Brewing beer is a 100% natural process. Heineken got its start when its founder fundamentally improved the process by which beer was made in a brewery that had existed for 251 years. The basic recipe is still closely guarded, and the principles of its success have remained the same: quality ingredients and a perfectly controlled brewing process. Heineken ingredients Heineken beer is made from the purest ingredients. It use only water, malted barley,  hops and yeast. Barley Barley is the major raw material used in brewing beer. Before it can be used for brewing, the barley grain must be malted. Malting helps make the starch and protein (by its natural enzymes) in barley available for brewing by breaking down the natural ce ll wall that surrounds the starch. Starch will be converted to sugar, which will produce alcohol during fermentation. Malting also forms the colour and flavour that the barley will lend to the beer. Hops Hops is one of the flavour-makers of beer, and also contributes to its shelf life. The resin from the female hop flower cones is used to help balance the sweetness of the barley with a refreshing bitterness. Water Beer contains almost 95% water. Water plays an important part in giving beer its characteristic flavor, as different sources contribute to unique beer flavors. Clean, high quality water is essential not only to our beer, but also to life everywhere. We are actively working in the communities that we're a part of to protect clean water supplies. Yeast Yeast converts malt sugars into alcohol during fermentation. There are two types: bottom and top fermenting yeast. Beers fermented with bottom yeast are called lagers and those that use top-fermenting yeast are called ales. In 1886 in Amsterdam, Dr. Elion, a student of Dr. Louis Pasteur, discovered the famous Heineken A-yeast, a strain that is still used today only by Heineken. Gluten Beer contains gluten, which comes from the grain from which it is brewed. Only a fraction of the gluten that the grain contains gets into the beer. The proportion depends on the kind of grain that is used. The use of barley results only in traces of gluten in the beer whilst wheat contributes considerably more. It also depends on the brewing process. Generally speaking: the clearer and blonder the beer is, the less gluten it may contain. Some people are allergic to gluten and have to follow a diet that minimises or excludes their gluten intake. Whether beer can be part of such a diet or not, is dependent on the extent of the allergy and the beer type consumed. In many cases lager beers pose no problem for people who have a gluten allergy. However, it is up to the individual to assess his or her sensitivity. * How beer is made Heineken beers are brewed using solely water, barley, hops and yeast. The barley is malted (soaked to initiate a natural geminating process), ground, mixed with water and then heated. Step by step, the temperature increases so that the starch in the malted barley is converted into sugars. After the solids have been filtered out, the result is ‘wort' (malt sugars), which is then brought to the boil. During the boiling process the brewers add the hops. Using only the female flowers of the hops plant gives beer its characteristic bitter taste and improves its storability. After the wort has been boiled, the next step is fermentation. First, the wort has to be cooled down to 8 degrees Celsius. Yeast is added to the wort and the process of converting the sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide can then begin. This takes place in special fermentation tanks, where the beer remains for 7 days. The result is ‘young beer' which, when cooled down to freezing point, is pumped into storage cellars for post-fermentation. One of the aims of this storage is to improve the beer's taste and clarity, and help it keep longer. Once storage is completed, the remaining step is filtration, after which a superb-tasting, bright and clear beer is filled into bottles, can or kegs. Filling and bottling are automatic processes to ensure completely hygienic conditions. 3. Heineken product’s The icon: Wherever we go, it’s always nice to see something we recognize; the green bottle, the red star and the smiling â€Å"e†, telling us instantly what’s inside: cold, fresh, quality Heineken enjoyed around the world since 1873. Aluminum bottle Heineken  launches aluminum bottle  reserved  to  the nightlife  and  trendy  bars. Designed  by  design studio  Ora  Ito,  this is  a  refined  vision  of the  Heineken  bottle,  which  transforms it  into a true  collector’s item. Heineken  Draught Keg Real  beer  now  invites itself  at home  or  outside  with  the  new keg  pressure  to  carry, easy  to share in  any occasion. Heineken  has created  the first  disposable pressure  was offering  a  true  quality beer  pressure  as well  as  the  ability to consume  beer  until  30 days  after opening. Convenient  and friendly, combining  proprietary technology  with  a  unique  and patented  integrated  pressure,  a  refined design,  the  Heineken was  to win  an Oscar  for  the  package. Heineken  15cl  small Heineken  dares  the 2006  launch of  the  15cl  bottle. Revolution in the  beer  department,  small  and practical,  its  mini size  target consumes  occasional  beer. It  is  ideal  as an aperitif  for  those  wishing to  enjoy  a  Heineken while  controlling their consumption. In  the  world  of  night,  four  years  after  the  success  of  the aluminum bottle,  its  designer,  Ora Ito  renews  its  collaboration with  Heineken. With  smoother  lines,  a  refined  and conical shape,  the  new  aluminum bottle  made the bottle very elegant. II. The presentation of market 1. Nature of Marketing Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. To efficiently accomplish their goals, ? rms today have adopted the marketing concept, which requires * A consumer orientation, * A goal orientation, * A systems orientation. A consumer orientation means that ? ms strive to identify the people (or ? rms) most likely to buy their product (the target market) and to produce a good or offer a service that will meet the needs of target customers most effectively in the face of competition. The second tenet of the marketing concept is goal orientation; that is, a firm must be consumer-oriented only to the extent that it also accomplishes corporate goals. The goa ls of profit-making firms usually center on financial criteria, such as a 15 percent return on investment. The third component of the marketing concept is a systems orientation. A system is an organized whole—or a group of diverse units that form an integrated whole— functioning or operating in unison. It is one thing for a ? rm to say it is consumer oriented and another actually to be consumer oriented. First, systems must be established to ? nd out what consumers want and to identify market opportunities. Identifying target market needs and ? nding market opportunities are the tasks of marketing research. Next, this information must be fed back to the ? rm. Without feedback from the marketplace, a ? rm is not truly consumer oriented. 2. Nature of Applied Research Marketing research studies can be classi? ed into three broad categories: programmatic, selective, and evaluative. Programmatic research is conducted to develop marketing options through market segmentation, market opportunity analysis, or consumer attitude and product usage studies. Selective research is used to test decision alternatives. Some examples are testing concepts for new products, advertising copy testing, and test marketing. Evaluative research is done to assess program performance; it includes tracking advertising recall, doing organizational image studies, and examining customer attitudes on a ? m’s quality of service. Programmatic research arises from management’s need to obtain a market overview periodically. For example, product management may be concerned that the existing market information base is inadequate or outdated for present decision making, or marketing plans may call for the introduction of new products, ad campaigns, or packaging. Typical programmatic research questions include the following: Has its target market changed? How? Does the market exhibit any new segmentation opportunities? Do some segments appear to be more likely candidates than others for the ? m’s marketing efforts? What new product or service opportunities lie in the various segments? 3. Situation Analysis of Heineken: Heineken is well-know, renowned brewery with essential strengths (Appendix-1) to be a global brand. However, at this moment, brand perception is different across the countries. Though Heineken had consistently been marketed as a premium brand, in the  US  and Hong Kong market, a distinct image was established for special occasion rather than for daily consumption while in  Latin America, Heineken is viewed as a European imported beer among others. The brand's good taste image is built on 5 core brand values: taste, premiumness, tradition, winning spirit and friendship. Heineken strategy is based on relating friendships and important relations which are built based on enjoyable, joyful, personal, luxury social conditions such as meeting people, fancy meals, savoring, elegant parties, intimate moments and place. The friendship value would be presented in several social conditions through â€Å"true friends† and â€Å"consumers can count on Heineken as a friend† expressions. The taste would be built on 5 brand values: taste experience, balanced taste, foam, advertising and packaging. Appendix-1: Strength and Weakness of Heineken Strengths| Weaknesses| * Beer of highest quality (superior quality) * Special Taste * Original formula * Traditions * Brands availability * Premium brand * Lighter Beer * Attractive packaging * Most heavily advertised Premium beer in  Europe  and Worldwide and use TV commercials  heavily| * No production base in some area * Inconsistent brand image with brand communication * TV commercials are just aired in larger markets * Lack f integrated marketing campaign * Lack of worldwide advertising campaign| Detailed recommendation to achieve the global brand * Introduce a number of innovations across liquid, packaging and format that will serve to further endorse international leadership credentials because innovation is the lifeblood of brand domain. * Heineken has a strong brand tradition. In order to flourish its  brand repu tation  across the world, convince the consumers that the brand is some way superior. Develop a relationship with customers, build  affinity  between brand and customers by sponsoring international rugby tournaments, and world soccer tournament such as -( the Champions Leagues, the UEFA Champions League,  world's premier club) where target audience of men from all over the world gather in one place. * Building the brand  recognition  for long-term  to differentiate the brand Heineken and be sure to add value to the product in order to get the brand loyalty. * Profile Heineken is one of the world's leading brewers in terms of sales volume and profitability and it has the widest presence of all international brewers through a global network of distributors and breweries. In volume terms, it has the largest brewer and beverage distributor in Europe, where it realizes more than half of its sales. It balances a strong position in stable and profitable markets such as Europe and North America with a growing presence in rapidly expanding beer markets such as China and Russia. It employs more than 60,000 people. The Heineken brand, available in almost every country on the planet, is the world's most valuable international premium beer brand. In addition, it owns and manages one of the world's leading portfolios of beer brands comprising other international premium, local and specialty brands. * Goal and market strategy Heineken's goal is to grow the business in a sustainable and consistent manner, while constantly improving profitability. The strategy to achieve this has four elements: †¢ Strive to reach a leading position in attractive markets. Focus on capturing an ever-growing share of the premium and specialty beer market segments. †¢ Work to improve efficiency and cut costs in operations. †¢ Grow through selective acquisitions, so long as they create shareholder value. * Brands Heineken owns and manages one of the world's leading portfolios of beer brands. Its principal international brands are Heineken and Amstel. Heineken is positioned as a premium brand, except for its home market in the Netherlands, and its appeal is growing in many markets. Heineken is the leading beer brand in Europe and Amstel is the third largest. In Europe, Amstel is positioned in the Mid-priced mainstream segment, the largest segment of the market, and is available in more than 90 countries around the world. Heineken also owns and manages a strong portfolio of more than 120 top-selling brands that includes Cruzcampo, Z. ywiec, Birra Moretti, Murphy's and Star. It has a limited presence in the low-priced segment of the market and its international and local brands include lagers, specialty beers, light beers (low-calorie beers) and alcohol-free beers. * Distribution Heineken is the largest beer and beverage distributor in Western Europe. In every market where it is active, it strives for comprehensive coverage through alliances with independent distributors or via its own beverage wholesalers. * Innovation Heineken works to continually meet consumers' changing needs. This can be seen in the area of marketing communication, packaging and dispense systems, where it is a recognized leader. It also works to further improve the quality, safety and cost structure of processes and products. This includes innovation in brewing technology and supply chain management, which reinforces the competitiveness of its global brand portfolio. Sustainability Heineken is committed to conducting business responsibly and ethically. It continuously takes its initiatives to combat alcohol abuse, misuse and focused resources and energy on setting even higher standards in the social and environmental areas of its business. 4. HEINEKEN and advertising: Heineken beer is a famous brand name in around the world and Ads plays the important role in the dissemination of Heineken. At the beginning, Heineken has appeared on mass media with advertisements and promotion programs very attractive, unique; use the words easy to understand. Heineken is not only a beer; Heineken is the moment comes with the image and inspiration to everyone, anytime, and anywhere. The Heineken Ads actually attracts viewers to the world of Heineken – a strange world – World of the passion. Therefore, when mention to Heineken, people immediately think about a new lifestyle has been confirmed with the events has made the impressive, such as: Heineken & Music, Heineken & Sports and Heineken & Movies. Besides Sport and Music, Heineken also sponsored to release the series of action films of Hollywood. Indeed, there were many companies chose movie is the part of the marketing plan. So what is the difference in the way of Heineken? The biggest difference is the investment, has demonstrated a long-term strategy. Starting in 2005 with the movie â€Å"Mr. & Ms. Smith†, Heineken wanted to announce that Heineken will provide viewers the excellent films. Nextly, in the summer of 2008, audiences once again be watched â€Å"Wanted† with the high technique screen and very impressive, never seen in any movie at Hollywood. in 2006, Heineken sponsored to release: † Casino Royal â€Å". Heineken, bring the passion of peak quality, the investment to the distribution system and the media attractive, has confirmed the top brand name of beer in the world. Heineken is respectfully support all of customers, who always discover and enjoy the best of life III. My project: 1. Product Development strategy Given the rapid changes in consumer tastes technology arid competition companies must develop a steady stream of new products and services. When an organization introduces a product into a market they must ask themselves some questions. . Who is interested by this kind of product? 2. What profits will they expect? 3. How to introduce the product in the market? 4. What differential advantage will the product offer over their competitors? The product should be viewed in three levels: Level 1: Core Product. What is the core benefit of your product offers? Customers who purchase a camera are buying more : they are purchasing memories. Level 2 : Actual Product: All the camera cap tures memories. The aim is to ensure that your potential customers purchases for you one. The strategy at this level involves organizations branding, adding features and benefits to ensure that their product offers a differential advantage from their competitors. Level 3: Augmented product: What additional non-tangible benefits can you offer? Competition at this level is based around after sales service, guaranties, delivery and so on. John Lewis a retail departmental store offers for free five years of guarantee on purchases of their Television sets, this gives their `customers the additional benefit of peace of mind over the five years. As they will be quiet if their purchase develop a technical problem. . Concept development and testing An attractive idea must be developed into a product concept. It is important to distinguish between a product idea, a product concept, and a product image. A product idea is an idea for a possible product that the company can see itself offering to the market. A product concept is a detailed version of the idea stated in meaningful cons umer terms. A product image is the way consumers perceive an actual or potential product. Who is the target market and who is the decision maker in the purchasing process? What product features must the product incorporate? What benefits will the product provide? How will the consumers react to the product? What will it cost to produce it? 3. Suggestions: In  today's consumer society, competition  is  increasingly  fierce. Consumers  are less  loyal  to brands  than before. Therefore  they must  remain  in  continuous innovation  in order  to  avoid  routine  and weariness  of the consumer. For  these  reasons,  the  brands are trying  to  find  new  ideas  to maintain  their  sales  and maintain  their visibility  and  attraction. 1st idea: The  creation  of  a  packaging  event  is a solution  that  strengthens the brand’s image  and  market positioning. This  type  of  packaging, launched  in  small quantities,  can  maintain  a sense  of  scarcity  of  the product. Indeed, creating a limited edition is an opportunity to do something different and to test consumer loyalty to the brand and transform it to a collector which will increase the turnover of the company. Besides, a unique and limited packaging may give the company a luxurious image because it reflects his constant search for innovation and thus seduced 2nd idea: I think that is a great idea to cover the cans by a protective film, in order o keep them hygienic and protect them against all forms of pollution. This protects  consumers  from  germs  that  can  accumulate over  the can especially that they are  in direct contact  with the  mouth. 3rd idea: Here are some facts about women and beer: * The sale of beer to women is a growing market. * Women currently account for 25 percent of beer consumption in the USA. * Women between t he ages of 21 and 30 are drinking more beer than women in other age groups. * Beer drinking among women in the 50-plus age group is on the increase, a fact that has not gone unnoticed among beer advertisers worldwide. Women beer drinkers are a discerning bunch. They demand more of their beer: more flavor, more complexity, more fruitiness, fewer calories and lower carbs. Above all, women want beer with more style and character. So, I propose to this target: women who enjoy beer; a light beer with lower alcohol content. This beer will package into new bottle with an exceptional shape which attract feminist target. 4th idea: Conversely to the can of NESCAFE I suggest a new system: It is a refrigerated can which cools when it is opening. This ensures the beer’s conservation and quality. The concept of this product is to permit the end user to consume fresh beer of very high quality. It can be consume all the time and never having to access a kitchen, refrigerator or even having to rely on an external cooling source. * All  these  ideas  will  be  developed  in a  second  report. It  will  explain why the  choice  of each  idea,  and the techniques  of achievement Conclusion: Marketing strategy allows us to generate a specific response from targeted groups of customers. It can help us to achieve the following key objectives: * increasing sales to existing customers * building customer loyalty re-establishing lapsed customer relationships * generating new business At  a broader level marketing offers significant benefits to society. These benefits include: * Developing products that satisfy needs, including products that enhance society’s quality of life * Creating a competitive environment that helps lower product prices * Devel oping product distribution systems that offer access to products to a large number of customers and many geographic regions * Offering techniques that have the ability to convey messages that change societal behavior in a positive way.

Blythebourne School Essay

Blythebourne School is a public school in Brooklyn, New York, that defies national averages for inner city schools and appeals to parents and students alike. The school is unique in its make-up, in terms of socio-economic factors and racial factors. The school is made up of a largely Asian and Pacific Islander community with more than 75 percent of students identifying with that racial classification. Another 10 percent each are Hispanic or Caucasian. There is less than 1 percent of the schools population that identifies itself as African-American. In addition, almost 90 percent of the children who attend the school receive free or reduced lunches, an indication that they are living at or near the poverty line. Further complicating things for the teachers and staff of Blythebourne is that more than 40 percent of their students have difficulty with the English language, indicating that many are not native English speakers. This school also has less than 3 percent of its population in individualized education plans, the programs formerly known as special education, to assist people with learning difficulties or special needs, including speech or hearing difficulties, etc. Testimonials about the school from students and teachers alike praise the school as a wonderful place to be with teachers that care. In addition, teachers at the school are more well-educated that their compatriots across the state. At the average New York school, 20 percent of the teachers hold only a bachelor’s degree. At Blythebourne, only 13 percent hold just a bachelor’s degree; 87 percent have a master’s degree. Most of the children at Blythebourne are of Chinese descent, first-generation immigrants, who speak English as a second language and yet they routinely meet and exceed state averages in test results. The school has become a charter school emphasizing programs for â€Å"Everyday Math† to make students more able to use math in practical terms. The school embraces the multi-cultural heritage and promotes it with typical grade school activities combined with Chinese language and history. As part of federal funding requirements through the No Child Left Behind Law, every public school has its yearly progress toward state-wide goals measured. The state sets a required percentage of students in all major groups and in all sub-groups that must exceed the base requirements of state achievement tests. If a school meets those requirements in all its groups combined, it is said to be making adequate yearly progress. School report cards indicate show whether the school is making their AYP (adequate yearly progress) in each of its sub-groups as well. In the case of Blythebourne, the sub-groups are based on gender, race, and socio-edonomic status. According to the school’s web page, Blythebourne is making AYP in all its sub-groups, an impressive task since most schools are not able to keep consistent results across the curriculum. The amazing thing about the Blythebourne School is that the results are averaging higher than statewide results even with children who may not have spoken a word of English before beginning school. Three-quarters of these same kids, by the time they reach third grade, are exceeding standards for English proficiency. Statewide, only 67 percent of third graders can exceed the standards. Equally impressive is that through all three grades tested, 95 percent of the students at Blythebourne school exceed the standards for math proficiency. That math proficiency is universal across the sub-groups and consistent, with almost no statistical difference between the three grades. In the spring of 2007, fourth grade students at the Blythebourne school were not as proficient as the class the previous year had been and fell short of the statewide standards, but only by a few percentage points. Perhaps of note is that the test results in English Language Arts fell dramatically in all three grade levels from 2006 to 2007. Proficiency fell from 90 percent to 76 percent in the third grade; 75 to 64 percent in fourth grade and 78 to 63 percent in the fifth grade. Statewide in fourth and fifth grade, proficiency was 68 percent. The reasons for the dramatic drop in results is unclear, but should be further explored. Parents who are contemplating enrolling their children in P. S. 105, otherwise known as Blythebourne, might want to further investigate these anomalies. According to other statistics, the other thing that may concern parents is the potential for overcrowding at the school. Current class loads indicate an average of 15 students per teacher, but because this is a public school and subject to whims of the school board and the ever-fluctuating population. However, there are equally valid reasons to seek out a school like Blythebourne. For example, the school has adapted to the cultural heritage of the majority of its students into its curriculum, allowing Chinese students to learn their new language without abandoning the heritage. Observers also say the school and its teachers work hard to actively involve students in the learning process, letting them actually observe ice melting as a way to understand â€Å"Cold† and often sacrificing administrative space to give as much room as possible to their students. The district has crushed more than 1,600 students into a building that was stressed with 1,200. Additional public schools have been opened nearby, but the constant immigration into the area leads the school to enroll students year-round. Another note in favor of the Blythebourne school is that students there actually attend school. As any teacher can attest, students can’t learn if they aren’t there. With a 95 percent attendance rate, students and parents in the Blythebourne school obviously make education enough of a priority that they get to class. By getting their children to school on a regular basis, parents with the school’s service area are showing their commitment to education. If that commitment follows through in terms of parental involvement in the school and follow through in their child’s education, then schools around the country would do well to learn from the Blythebourne example. Numerous schools cite lack of parental involvement and attendance issues as among the biggest problems they face. Based on the ranking system provided at one website, Blythebourne is in the top 20 percent of schools in New York. In that ranking, where 1 is the lowest and 100 is the best, Blythebourne ranked 81. For a public school with almost half of its students made up of recent immigrants, the ranking is phenomenal and any parent should be happy to have their child attend P. S. 105, Blythebourne School.

How is subjectivity (race, class & gender) constructed and put to use Essay

How is subjectivity (race, class & gender) constructed and put to use through Fiesta Explain using specific examples from Horton as well as Gathering Up - Essay Example Subjectivity is a social mode that comes about through many interactions within society. It is a process of individualization as well as of socialization as the individual is never isolated; rather they are endlessly engaging in interactions with the world. It is shaped by and shapes other things such as the economy and even communities. A common effect on an individual is whereby they experience culture shock, where subjectivity of the other culture is considered alien or hostile. Because society is based on group interactions, common meanings allow for common frames that they can refer to when communicating a given subject (Horton, 2010). They are derived from each person understanding their subjective experiences and providing many aspects of meaning. Since 1712, the residents of Santa Fe have remembered how they were ousted in the Pueblo Revolt but managed to make their way back. The settlers reestablished themselves and went back to their roots. Today, La Fiesta de Santa Fe is considered one of the oldest celebrations in the nation. Its roots date back to when a general negotiated with the Indians who occupied Santa Fe to allow Spanish settlers to return. He, being a religious man prayed by a small statute of Virgin Mary and promised that if the settlers were allowed back, they would never forget her intercession. For a while, the promise was not kept up until a Lieutenant Governor intervened. The Santa Fe Fiesta, Reinvented gives a new perspective to the controversial identity formation of the Mexico’s Hispanos. The book carefully gives attention to the symbolic action of the event and explores gender, time, genealogy and sexuality which are the basis of the cultural nationalism. As the Hispanos were largely minoritized in the Santa Fe, their elites continued to invent and re-create the foru cultural organizations that

Analyze a current or past relationship and create a strategy for Essay

Analyze a current or past relationship and create a strategy for managing it - Essay Example Losing contact with each other, we both had strings of relationships until both of us had our families. Both of us had only one child out of our own marriages and both of us got divorced from our spouses. Twenty years later, Andy came back to visit me at my mom’s house. He just took a chance if I was there, and was surprised when I was, as I was also visiting her. It was a pleasant surprise for both of us. At first, it was awkward seeing your first love two decades later when a whole lifetime has passed in between. We caught up with each other’s lives, but did not have enough time, since he was flying back to Australia the following day. A week later, I found a friend request on Facebook from Andy which I happily accepted. Since that time, we have spent much time chatting with each other, and even tried video-chatting a few times. Over time, we realized we were still in love with each other after all these years. Although we did not officially declare that we are once a gain a couple, we treat each other as if we are. I cannot fully commit to him because I did not really believe in long distance relationships, and somehow, had doubts as to his relationship history, since he has shared that he’s been into several relationships after his divorce. I, myself, have not gone dating after my divorce, so I had several qualms about getting into a serious relationship at this point in my life. Meanwhile, I decided to enjoy what Andy and I currently have, without the complications of commitment. It is what is known in social networking sites as a relationship status of â€Å"It’s Complicated†. Attraction Our initial attraction to each other was physical. Andy was a very handsome teenager, and was quite popular with the girls. On the other hand, I did not look bad myself, being a cheerleader and a prom queen contender. Knowing each other well as we dated exclusively in our teens, the attraction went beyond the surface. I discovered that he had a kind heart which was compassionate to others in need. He was a very good son and brother and to top it all, he had a sense of humor that complemented mine. I admired his drive and ambition to be successful, and envied his focus and persistence in his studies. I was sure that he was a great catch and would be an ideal husband and father as well as a successful professional in the future. Andy admitted that he fell in love with my feminine ways and the way I treated my family and friends. He felt very protective over me because I was so naive. He liked the fact that I was very down-to-earth and did not waste my time on shallow things such as fashion, make-up and boys. He loved my simplicity and the fact that I was a homebody, very skilled in cooking and home design and organization. He also thought I would make the perfect wife and mother someday. Our short term and long-term attraction factors for each other may be explained theoretically. Matlin (2008) explains gender differe nces in attraction partner as based on an evolutionary psychology approach. According to this approach, people’s preferences have roots in evolution where men prefer young, attractive, healthy-looking women who are likely to pass on men’s genes to the next generation. On the other hand, women are drawn to men who are economically stable to ensure that their future children are well provided for (Matlin, 2008). Women were also found to value a partner’s ambition, industriousness and social dominance as well as emotional

The Independent Government Cost Estimate and the Statement of Work Research Paper

The Independent Government Cost Estimate and the Statement of Work - Research Paper Example The report evaluates the importance of the importance of the IGCE and provides reasons for confidentiality of the IGCE. It also proposes actions that should be taken in order to maintain the confidentiality of the IGCE. The report also provides a detailed cost estimate for the project. In this report, the types of statement of work (SOW) in regard to compatibility with this contract have been evaluated to determine the most appropriate type of statement of work (SOW) for this contract. Importance of the IGCE The Independent Government Cost Estimate is very important in the acquisition process. This is because the Independent Government Cost Estimate will assist in determining the rationality of a contractor’s cost and technical proposals and gain assurance that there is a congruence in ideas between the Federal Government’s contract awarding office and contract vendors pertaining to the scope of the contract. Secondly, the Independent Government Cost Estimate will assis t in developing and presenting the position of the Government. An Independent Government Cost Estimate is normally based on actual costs (NAVSEA, 2013). Third, when an Independent Government Cost Estimate is in place, it will help to avoid or to alleviate against major risks and adverse consequences. This will improve the probability of purchase and project success. Furthermore, the Independent Government Cost Estimate will enable resource managers to plan and budget confidently because it offers a reasonable assurance of cost. It will determine the selection of sources because it acts as a baseline for cost or price evaluation (Ipsaro, 2011). This is what will help in the determination and choice of the right offeror. An Independent Government Cost Estimate helps the Government in cost estimation and supports government defense if a vendor loses the competition and protests the decision (Ipsaro, 2011). This Independent Government Cost Estimate will be used to speed up the process o f contract award because it a solid Independent Government Cost Estimate. The Independent Government Cost Estimate is important because it will be used by contracting officer’s technical representatives to estimate a reasonable cost or price of a contract modification when changes in scope occur during the contract’s period of performance. Contracting officer’s technical representatives monitor a contract’s cost or budget schedule during a contract’s administration (Ipsaro, 2011). Further, this Independent Government Cost Estimate will be essential in estimating contract cost with accuracy and confidence. This is because the Independent Government Cost Estimate will use market research to obtain data that will be used for price analysis. Such market research data will include labor standards, analysis of cost trends for direct labor and material, to avoid past inefficiencies creeping into the proposal. The Independent Government Cost Estimate will determine whether the elements of the offeror are realistic for the work to be performed. It will also help in determining and establishing whether offerors reflect a clear understanding of the requirements of the contract. Third, the Independent Government Cost Estimate will help in establishing the consistency of the contractors with the unique methods of performance and materials that will be described in the offerors’ technical proposals (Engelbeck, 2002). Finally, the Independent

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Art - Essay Example The social protest was unique to each of their respective countries. David’s Oath of the Horatii looks like a scene out of Roman history. Three young Romans swear allegiance to Rome and their family in this portrait. The crying women represent Horatii women that are either sister to the enemy or engaged to the enemy. The men act on their allegiance alone, while the women listen to their heart. This painting was completed several years before the French Revolution, but the painting was a protest of the politics of the time. Aristocrats were blindly following the French monarchy, but businessmen and the poor were acting on their hearts. Blind loyalty only leads to destruction, just like the soldiers and just like the French monarch. Hogarth’s Rake’s Progress is a series of eight paintings. The titles are The Heir, The Levee, The Orgy, The Arrest, The Marriage, The Gaming House, The Prison, and The Madhouse. Each one of these paintings tells a story about the heir. He takes his inheritance and squanders it away. Eventually the heir ends up in the asylum. The moral of the story is if a man does not work and earn their money it is not as valued. Inherited money is easily squandered. Once the heir was led astray with an abundance of money, his life went downhill due to the vices money can buy. If he would have earned his money, maybe he would not have so easily parted with it. The similarities between David’s Oath of the Horatii and Hogarth’s Rake’s Progress are the presence of classes and a message against the wealthy. A ruling class, lower class, military class, man class, and women class were present in both of these men’s works. While David might not have shown the classes side by side, or only a man and women class, the implied classes were present. Hogarth painted different classes and even contrasted them. For example, the madmen at the asylum and the woman dressed in high fashion showed the contrast

Financial Accounting Analysis term projuct Paper

Financial Accounting Analysis projuct - Term Paper Example The findings are presented in a tabular format supported by comprehensive discussion of results. The horizontal analysis of Balance Sheet does not show any worrying trends or majorly fluctuating balances from 2011 to 2012. Inventories remain at the same level and while there is 12.84% increase in Property and Equipment it is offset by the 16.78% decrease in the Cash and Cash equivalents. Other large changes include an increase in Goodwill, decrease in Long term loan which is offset by an increase in the current portion of the Long term loan. The horizontal analysis of the balance sheet is set out below: The horizontal analysis of the Income Statement also does not show any worrying trends from 2011 to 2012. The Sales have increased by 1.8% but that is due to a corresponding increase in the Cost of Sales which has increased by 2.14%. The net earnings have increased by 3.3%, this is due to the fact that other income has increased and the financial costs have decreased during the period. The horizontal analysis of the income statement is set out below: The vertical analysis of the income statement for the years 2011 and 2012 set out below shows all balances as a percentage of sales. As illustrated the cost of sales and other expenses have both increased as a percentage of sales, even though minutely. This is worrying because ordinarily the cost of sale should be kept in line with sales. Conversely the net income is 2.09% of sales in 2012 and 2.03% in 2011. There is a slight increase, which all in all is a positive sign for the entity (Rajasekaran, 2011). Looking at the trends in the past five years’ financial statements of the company, it can be seen that the net sales have been increasing steadily for the past four years. The increase in sales for this year has been less than those compared to previous years, 1.6% from over 3%. The cost of

Chaotic and Non-Chaotic Evil Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chaotic and Non-Chaotic Evil - Assignment Example An idle man summons a window glass vendor whom he had seen from six stories below. He goes on to ask for a tinted glass. Afterwards, the idle man kicks the vendor and drops a vase on the vendor. Evil is shown through the planned chaotic actions of the idle man. The mess created by the broken pieces of glass presents a chaotic situation. In this case, the chaotic acts of the idle man are accompanied by evil. A situation where evil exist without evil is depicted when the wanderer went on a quest to discover the unpardonable sin. On his return, he finds a lime-burner who leaves the kiln for him to take care of overnight. The wanderer had realized that his quest was a wrong move and having nothing to share with the villagers, ends up burning himself. The wanderer had set off without any intention of committing evil although his mission was already an evil one. His intentions were not to cause affliction to anyone as he even thought that he would be commended for a job well done on his return. Later on, he burns himself thus resulting in an evil act. Evil without the presence of chaos it is depicted here because as soon as the wanderer sets off to seek the unpardonable sin, he already had committed an evil deed without his knowledge ( Iversen 89). He had not planned to commit the evil deed through his action of burning himself shows that he, later on, realized he had committed an evil thus r esulted to killing himself. The renegade of Avignon story is about a treacherous man who had planned on committing evil for long. His action led to the death of his wealthy friend who had accommodated him and given him. The planned actions of the treacherous friend set his friend to fail in order to take all his property and left him for dead. This is a situation where evil exists accompanied by chaos. The following are more examples of instances where evil and chaos prevail. The first five are hypothetical typologies while the latter three are historical cases depicting evil at its peak.     Ã‚  

Business Plans Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Plans - Assignment Example Moreover, others think that there is a need to buy a business plan software. Another reason why people shun the idea of creating a business plan is that they think that it is too complex to do (Superbcoaching .com, n.d.). These people assume that the business plan should be perfect before they can start the business. Some companies think that it is a waste of time. Instead of focusing on the start-up of the business right away, they will be bogged down with writing the plan. Creating a business plan has several benefits. The first benefit that a company can gain from a business plan is that it gives direction to the firm. Similar to a road map, the business plan will show where the company is going and what options it can take to reach its destination or objective. Another benefit that can be gained from a business plan is that it is a valuable source of information for potential investors in the business. It makes it easier for an organization to obtain funding or possible loans from banks and private investors. A business plan also prepares the company for future problems that it may encounter. As one goes through the process of writing the plan, he is made aware of the critical aspects of the business and the various scenarios that will affect its operations. Superbcoaching .com. (n.d.). The top 10 reasons people dont have a business plan. Retrieved January 13, 2012, from superbcoaching.com.au:

Police Administration Essay Example for Free

Police Administration Essay The role of police in the safety of the community has long been recognized.   It is thus of great importance that the operations behind the police system be well understood in order to identify points that are considered to be exemplary, as well as areas which are in need of further evaluation and reorganization.   This research paper will discuss areas of police administration that are related to the recruitment and hiring process.   A brief review of other related areas of police administration will also be presented in order to provide a holistic overview of the topic. POLICE WORK AND RELATED PROBLEMS The area of police work is an occupation that is strongly associated with misconduct and criminal acts.   The act of performing police work is highly discretionary because it entails a combination of both standard police principles and personal ideologies that influence a police officers values and morale.   Police work also involves coercive activity that regularly occurs in the most private situations which are often not in the presence of their immediate supervisors but in the vicinity of witnesses who, unfortunately, often distort the details of the criminal event when interviewed or asked to testify.   Police work is also strongly associated with corruption through the extreme abuse of police authority for the wrong benefits of other individuals (Klockars, 2000). Corruption is a form of misconduct that has long been a concern of every society.   Several attempts has been made to control the application and use of corruption in police work yet there are several factors that decrease the likelihood of success in controlling this social problem.   One of the factors that hinder the control of corruption is that police officers refuse to report activities that are deemed corrupt to their fellow officers.   Also known as The Code or The Code of Silence, this secret has been with the police force for decades. Another factor that prevents the control of corruption in police work is that police administrators are hesitant in acknowledging that corrupt events do exist in their respective police agencies.   The idea that corrupt activities may benefit the police officers in terms of extra financial income also influences police officers to continue performing or acknowledging corrupt acts.   Another factor that prevents the success in controlling corrupt activities within the police force involves the scarcity of victims of these shameful acts who are willing to report the corrupt incident to federal investigators. For some time, corruption has been viewed by police administrators as a sign of the insufficiency of moral standards among police officers.   To date, the officials of police administration has actively fought the problem of corruption in the police force by meticulously and cautiously screening the new applicants for positions in the police force in order to lessen the probability that newly hired police officers will not succumb to the perennial problem of corruption in their field of work.   In addition, police administrators have also aggressively followed and hunted down any members of the police force that are known to deal with corrupt activities during their line of duty with the police force.   Once these morally delinquent police officers are tracked, they are dismissed from their positions so that any additional cases of corruption will surely be prevented. The removal of these corrupt police officers also assure that the negative influences of these police officers will not spread to the rest of the members of the police force.   The concept of removal of a corrupt police officer from the police force is similar to the bad apple theory in agriculture and this approach has been strongly criticized in the past years.   In order to better understand the problems associated with police work, it is essential that the field of police work first be presented. THE ROLE OF A POLICE OFFICER   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A police officer pertains to a working employee of the police force who has been trained in special responsibilities such as counterterrorism and surveillance.   A police officer is also equipped with the capabilities for child protection as well as protection of diplomatic individuals.   Police officers are experienced in investigating crimes such as murder, burglary, rape and drug trafficking. It should be understood that the duties of a police officer encompass a wide range of functions.   These officers are expected to be capable of responding to any type of situation that may occur during their time of duty.   Police officers are considered as government officials during investigatory events of crimes.   In specific cities and communities, it is the responsibility of a police officer to maintain peace and conduct in the area, even if they are not on duty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Society perceives a police officer as a person who is responsible for instilling peace and order in his particular area of duty.   Peace and order can be attained through the enforcement of rules or prohibitions in terms of social interactions.   Police officers are also responsible in discouraging attempts to commit crimes, aside from investigating a crime that has already occurred in a particular area.   In addition, police officers carry the legal role and authority to arrest any suspected individuals that may have played a role in a crime.   They also have the authority to interrogate and detain the suspect, as well as report the incident and the associated suspects to the proper authorities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Police officers may also help in instilling the safety of the public during large gatherings.   Such role may be similar to an emergency service wherein they could be called on to facilitate in public operations such as town or city programs and parades.   These individuals also serve as a source of immediate response during times of emergency and disasters because they serve as the first person at the scene of an incident. Once a police officer arrives at the particular site and makes a quick survey of the area, he then quickly informs the fire and emergency medical units of the city to respond to the situation.   Depending on the state or country, police officers and firemen have the same line of call, wherein these two groups of government employees may respond to the scene of a disaster at the same time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Minor offenses are also reported by police officers in the form of citations which generally results in the implementation of fine.   One good example of a minor offense includes the violation in the laws of driving and traffic such as illegal parking or over-speeding.   Other traffic violations may include accosting a driver who has consumed more than the allowable amounts of alcohol drinks.   The detention of drivers that manipulate a vehicle under the influence of alcohol prevents car accidents as well as deaths.   Police officers are also trained in assisting individuals that are caught in the middle of an accident or even a simple car breakdown.   It is interesting to know that police officers are trained in techniques in first aid as well as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Park rangers are also considered as police officers who man the national parks and other open recreational locations.   These individuals also enforce specific laws in order to instill peace and order in these specific areas.   Police officers are also visible in areas where rallies and political activities are frequently held.   These law enforcers are responsible in suppress overly active protests that hinders the rest of the public from performing their daily functions such as going to work. Police officers make sure that rallies and other kinds of protests are held within the allowable parts of the public area such as sidewalks and the rest of the people and vehicles are not hindered from moving through their usual activities.   There are some cases wherein protesters may be extremely upset regarding a particular political or ethical issue and these individual may start screaming and acting in more violent behavior.   Should this be the case, the police officers are authorized to control such actions to an acceptable level of protest. QUALIFICATION OF A POLICE OFFICER   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The credentials of a police officer often vary in each country, mainly depending on the expectations and roles of the police officer in that part of the world.   However, it is a general requirement that a candidate for a position of police officer must show proof that he has completed some kind of formal education.   Several decades earlier, police officers were not required to finish a college degree yet currently this has changed. Mostly due also to the changing times and the evolution of the society in terms of values and morals, candidates for positions of police officers are now required to carry a tertiary degree.   In addition, the candidate for police officer is required to undergo two to three years of training as a police constable prior to promotion to a position of higher rank such as inspector or sergeant.   It is a common path that a police officer originates from a military or security position.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to carrying a college degree, a candidate for police officer is also required to undergo a physical fitness examination.   In the United States, there are currently laws that vary by state that describe the requirements for candidates for the position of police officer.   The requirements include specific information regarding the applicant’s age and educational level, as well as the criminal records and training.   A police agency is generally similar to that of a semi-military organization that requires particular training and experience before applicants are admitted to the police force.   There are also specific qualifications before a particular police officer can be promoted to a higher position in the police force.   It should be noted that promotion to a higher rank in the police force is not an automatic operation that occurs once a police officer has served for three years. Promotion to a higher rank entails taking additional examinations that serve as tools that will help assess the police officer if he is ready and competent enough to hold a higher ranking position.   An interview is also conducted by the review board that serves as a personal questioning session for the candidate police officer for promotion.   The stringent requirements for promotion of a police officer to a higher rank are commensurate to the responsibilities that this police officer will hold once he is awarded the higher police rank. It is actually normal for a police officer to remain in the same position ranking for some time and it is usually the highly competent officers that are often deserve a higher rank in the police force.   There are some instances when a specific police officer stays at the same position rank for a decade or more because it has been observed through their performance that the particular police officer is not competent to serve from a higher position.   Police officers who have served in the police force for a particular duration may also apply for the position of police specialist.   The specialist positions include the detective, firearms officer or motorcycle officer. TRAINING AT THE POLICE ACADEMY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A police academy is a training facility that is generally managed by the police department in order to serve as a venue for the education and development of the new recruits.   These individual recruits were previously hired by the police department yet they are first required to undergo training at the police academy before they are allowed to work with the police force.   The trainees at the police academy are taught essential skills that are expected of a police officer.   The training involves both classroom and actual action training that runs for several months. Full-time training requires that the candidates are present for the entire day at the police academy, with provisions for letting them stay in for several months.   In private police academies, training is conducted during the evenings so that the trainees are able to work during the day time to earn their wages to support themselves.   In police academies that are run by the police department, stipends are given to the trainees because they are already considered as employees of the police force.   Training at the police academy includes the principles of arrest and booking of individuals.   The use of firearms is also taught at the academy. Special driving skills are also taught at the police academy because this is essential is chasing suspects and criminals.   The trainees are also educated in terms of CPR and first aid skills because these capabilities are expected of a competent police officer.   Trainees are also taught skills in writing police reports as well as ethical measures in interacting with individuals that they would likely deal with on a daily basis as a police officer.   Theories of investigation and criminality will also be undertaken during the training of police officers.   Methods in interacting with the community will also be taught at the police academy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After several months of training at the police academy, the trainees are required to take written and practical examination to gauge the comprehension of the lessons that have been given to them.   Upon passing the requirements of the written and practical examinations, the trainee is awarded a certification of police academy training and will then be assigned as a member of the police department.   It has been observed that there has been an increase in recruitment of police officers in the past decade and it has been predicted that the number of newly recruited police officers will increase in the coming years.   This is mostly due to the change in the society and politics of the country, as well as the increase in urbanization of cities. THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 AND EQUALITY AMONG MEN   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The hiring and recruitment of police officers has been influenced by the Civil Rights Act of 1964.   Years ago, Martin Luther King had a dream that all men and women would be equal.   The laws and progression of civil rights and immigration has changed the United States.   Racial inequality and color prejudice has damaged the United States; affecting the government system through legislation. The differences in culture background and heritage are being traversed. Borders are supposedly being crossed. Educational theories and classroom practices are taking up new forms in order to conform and meet the educational needs of the global societies. Educators and teachers are being expected to share views and recognize values from different cultures, races, societies and ethnic groups. They are expected to move outside the system and custom of the dominant society and incorporate beliefs other than those they are accustomed with. Our laws and progression of Civil Rights and immigration has changed the United States (AARP, 2004). The challenges that face our nation’s children relates to the civil right movements and immigration laws. The 1800’s industrialization expansion and slave trade increased immigration to the United States, bringing around twenty-five million people between 1866 and 1915.   In 1917, the United States began placing and enforcing restrictions on immigration.   The government did have provisions before, however most statutes were requirements for naturalization, government powers, reporting of aliens or items allowed to import. Amid 1875 to 1888, the government wanted to exclude people from coming into the United States that were criminals (whether convicted of crime or misdemeanor), prostitutes, paid or slave laborers, people with contagious diseases, polygamist, anarchist, or any person who wanted or thought it was okay to overthrow a government through forceful violence or assassination of public officials.   On February 5, 1917, a commission set forth by the President Woodrow Wilson, proposed and passed a law that enacted previous exclusions and added to exclude illiterate aliens. The excludable people were â€Å"imbeciles, feeble-minded persons, persons with physical or mental defects which may affect their ability to earn a living, persons afflicted with tuberculosis, children unaccompanied by their parents, persons who admitted the commission of a crime involving moral turpitude, and women coming to the United States for immoral purposes†. The 1920 U.S. census showed that the heaviest immigration prior to that time were from Great Britain, Ireland, Germany, and other countries in northern Europe. In the course of the ending of World War II in 1945, the number of aliens both legal and illegal increased dramatically. Immigrants were trying to escape poverty and oppression from all over the world. Citizens of the United States began feeling the pressure of immigrants taking their jobs and using expensive social services provided by the U.S. government with American tax dollars. The media began to portray evidence of racial inequality and color prejudice, damaging the image of the United States. Therefore, immigration and racial equality became debated hot topics. In 1857, the National Education Association (NEA) was formed to benefit teachers and students, and work to bring attention to educational issues, such as low teacher’s salaries, teacher retirement benefits, student testing and other bureaucratic demands. The NEA became an advocate for students and teachers through curriculum enhancements to both English language arts and history to benefit Immigrants, African Americans, and Indians (Holcomb 2006). The NEA lobbied to encourage laws like The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and The Immigration Nationality Act of 1964, which still affects our laws today, encouraging the idea of multiculturalism, thus expanding subjects such as history and language arts to include viewpoints of historically powerless and oppressed groups. During the civil rights movement, there were two America’s, a black America and a white America. The school, bathrooms, water fountains, restaurants, bus seats, libraries, movie theaters, hospital floors, and even the line to see Santa Clause were all segregated based on the color of skin.   African Americans went to school four months out of the year because they needed to help earn incomes the rest of the months. Their schools had no cafeteria, most with outside bathrooms; and their books were passed down from the white schools so they were all out of date. The school building that contained African American students were falling apart.    The classes were overcrowded with too many students, and not enough room for all the needed classes and materials. For the most part, these students had teachers that were substitutes who didn’t know what they were doing.   The teachers that were in these schools had fixed values for these students and did not provide curriculum that was interesting or pertained to the students who were learning. The assumption of teachers was that these African American students did not deserve â€Å"a great deal in life and that a little, even a very little, (a very little) for a Negro child is a great deal more than he or she has earned†. Complaints were being vocalized with the school districts letting white students ride the bus to attend white schools, and black students had to walk to their school when they lived right next to an â€Å"all white† school. In 1951, the Supreme Court finally had to face and rule on the subject of civil rights. A group called the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), created in 1909 to work towards eliminating segregation and discrimination, came together in a court case Brown versus Board of Education. African Americans had started filing suits against the educational systems as early as 1845, but the Supreme Court combined five cases to hear in 1951. The issues brought before the court was because of school conditions, segregation, deficient curriculum, pupil to teacher ratio, teacher training, extracurricular activity programs offered, transportation deficiencies, and of course teacher salaries. The discriminatory environment derived from civil rights and immigration issues unlocked, and then caused the world to see that human tendencies are to prejudge, discriminate against, and stereotype people based on their ethnic, religious, physical, or cultural characteristics. In 1954, Brown versus Board of Education of Topeka, also called Brown I ruled by Chief Justice Warren, acknowledged learning to be the most significant task of state and local government and repudiated the separate but equal doctrine, deciding that racially segregated schools were inherently unequal (Brown Foundation, 1996). The decision had great impact and important to the civil rights movement. The Supreme Court ruled that school had no place for separate but equal status. A year later the Supreme Court decision in Brown II defined how and when school desegregation would be achieved because there was no standard or deadline set in Brown I.   The legal precedence of this time caused far reaching social and ideological implications that brought about changes in the 1960’s and beyond. On the other hand, the legal wrangling did not make immigration and civil right issues disappear because of the ambiguity of the legal decisions. The 1960’s brought about race riots all over the U.S., deaths because of race, and more laws that declared discrimination illegal. On January 20, 1964, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn into the Presidency, after the sudden death of President John F. Kennedy. As America mourned the death of JFK, President Lyndon B. Johnson placed his hand on the Holy Bible that was being held by his wife and took the oath of office. On that particular day, Lyndon B. Johnson launched his new program called the Great Society. The agenda was intended to produce a better quality of life for all Americans.   Reporters knew the Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson as a legislative miracle.   In fact, Dick West of the Dallas Morning News expressed that Mr. Truman could not get started on a civil rights bill because a rebellious congress passed an immigration law over a veto.   Jack Kennedy took one whirl at federal aid to education, and then backed off. Then he tried to get Congress to set up a Department of Housing and Urban Development with Cabinet Status and was turned down in the House 264 to 150.   On the other hand, West writes that President Johnson was able to get these laws passed exactly the way he wanted them, thus being named The Congressional Magician.   President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on July 2, 1964, during a luncheon honoring late President Abraham Lincoln in the East room of the White House. The bill was about discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin.   The President sat at a small table in the center with racks holding 72 pens, which was an insufficient amount.   He actually used over 100 pens to sign this triumphant bill into law.   Robert F. Kennedy sat in the front row, Martin Luther King sat in the second row, and other senators and cabinet members attended.   President Johnson’s speech was swift but had great emphasis as he called on all Americans to close the springs of racial poison and eliminate the last vestiges of injustice in our beloved America. The President spoke of the challenge that Lincoln bestowed upon America asking for preservation of the union, enlargement of liberties for America and for being true to the Declaration of Independence which gives liberty to all.   The speech was a direct challenge for all Americans to ensure that all people including Black American’s will be a part of a complete and equal society. Immigrants thus have an equal opportunity to apply as police officers.   However, it has been observed that most immigrants do not perform well in the written examination for police officers because the links between illiteracy and illegal immigration is astounding.   Hispanic immigrants come to the United States without having the basic literacy skills needed (Garraty and Carnes, 2001).   Teachers in Texas are finding that their classes are mostly English language learners. Bilingual assistants are there to translate to students and teacher regarding teaching information and notes; they are also there to translate during parent teacher conferences. Each state requires that each police officer candidate establish a language proficiency assessment to show that he passed the proficiency and achievement-level this is required for those individuals whose primary language is not English.   The examining committee classifies the applicant and recommends placement and help to benefit the applicant.  Ã‚   There are now reports that the translator and the English Language Learning programs are now improving.   Most immigrants are visual learners hence English or Spanish languages are no barriers to learning.   The problem is when the Hispanic people take the summers off to return to Mexico. Jackie stated that it seems like they lose the English proficiency learned previously.   While some teachers see the problem improving there are immigrants who have voiced their concern. There are certain citizens who are concerned that teachers are spending more time because of English Language Learners and have even dealt with hearing the American-born individuals in a special class because of observation as a slow reader. Upon further investigation, it was realized the teacher was teaching and reading to the children in Spanish, which English-speaking students did not understand. Because education focus has become multi-cultural teachers use literature to teach about other cultures. Multi-cultural literature develops values and self-concept for students. On the other hand, some say American-born students reading and writing scores are declining and achievement gaps are closing.   Some believe that many linguists and educators focus on the multicultural aspect, degrading the English Language. As of 1992, many states require teachers to have a certification to teach English as a Second Language, also called ESL in order to assist immigrants who are in training.   Teachers must have the appropriate academic background is ESL theory and methodology. While there are some educators who back bilingual education, which is where students learn basic skills in their own language while they are learning to speak English.   English-speaking students will have a chance to learn Spanish. However, we are facing political efforts to make English the United States official language.   Senator Pete Domenci of New Mexico expressed that the inherent shallowness behind ‘English Only’ would deny the United States the opportunity to meet is full market potential. Therefore, he introduced an approach called English Plus.   English-plus, adopted in New Mexico’s constitution requiring those public school teachers must be trained in both English and Spanish so that Spanish-speaking students will be taught English properly.   On the other hand, many believe there is no need to make English the official language of the United States because it limits us from having a world–view.     The English Language is the most multi-cultural language and it celebrates diversity because of the multi-cultural influences from the French, Germans, and African’s, which continually make it powerful and diverse. There is an increase in the need for police officers to establish peace and order in the country.   At the same time, the country is experiencing a rapid immigration increase of Hispanics and African American students. The appeal of the current level and police administration in terms of the hiring and recruitment process is an interesting area to cover. The costs of raising education potential for both African Americans and Latino students in order to provide equal opportunity for hiring immigrants would be high, yet there would be benefits by savings in public peace and order expenditures and increased tax revenues based on higher incomes.   Holding onto our legacy of the past, we are now teaching with a cultural approach attempt to raise the academic and professional achievement of all trainees and students through culturally relevant lessons.    Reference AARP, LCCR, Library of Congress (2004). Save Our History: Voices of Civil Rights. The History Channel: The Hearst Corporation. Brown Foundation (1996). Brown VS Board of Education: About the Case. Retrieved March 9, 2006 from http://brownvboard.org/summary/. Garraty, J.A. Carnes, M.C. (2001). A Short History of the American Nation. (P. 450). New York: Longman Klockars CB (2000):   The measurement of police integrity.   U.S. Department of Justice Research Briefs.   May 2000.

Climate Change

Climate Change Historically, only natural factors were believed to have affected the earths climate. However, during the 18th Century, scientists began to attribute human activities to changes in climatic patterns (U.S Environmental Protection Agency, 2010). Subsequently, much scientific evidence has linked the activities of human beings to the concentration of greenhouse gases being significantly increased in the atmosphere, thus contributing to climate change. Despite the evidence presented, many skeptics still believe that climate change is a naturally occurring heating and cooling cycle of the earth and that the extent to which human activities have contributed to it are being exaggerated (Hudson, 2009). However, based on the scientific evidence presented and the effects that climate change has already had and is predicted to have on planet earth, my position is that climate change is a real and eminent danger which could seriously affect our welfare on planet earth. In its Declaration on Clima te Change 2009, The Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) captured the essence of my viewpoint in proclaiming that â€Å"climate change poses the most serious threat to our survival and viability and that it undermines our efforts to achieve sustainable developmental goals and threatens our very existence†. The world has already started to experience the effects of climate change in various ways which affects all aspects of livelihood. Therefore, if serious efforts are not made to reverse the effects of climate change, planet earth is in serious trouble. Climate change has already affected and continues to threaten the survival of terrestrial beings. In order to ensure survival here on planet earth, human beings as well as animals have basic requirements, water and food being of paramount importance. According to AOSIS (2009) water resources will be seriously compromised and food production will be affected as a result of increased inundations, erosion and salt water intrusion, which are all directly linked to climate change. Costello et al. (2009) purport in their article entitled â€Å"Managing the Health Effects of Climate Change,† that as a result of the rising temperatures associated with climate change in tropical and subtropical areas, half of the worlds population could face severe food shortages. For example, as a result of ocean acidification and increased temperatures, many coral reefs will be killed off. This could cause serious food shortages since coral reefs serve as nurseries for many fish, which approximately one billion people depend on as a source of protein (Black, 2009). Another way in which climate change affects the survival of human beings is that it has also been linked to an increase in various health problems. Costello et al. (2009) also explicitly stated that â€Å"climate change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century†. They also went on to say that â€Å"the effects of climate change on health will affect most populations in the next decades and put the lives and wellbeing of billions of people at increases risk†. For example, the spread and transmission rates of malaria by mosquitoes are accelerated by increased temperatures. The hotter the climate the faster mosquitoes multiply (Costello et al., 2009). Thus, it can be seen that increases in food and water shortages as well as negative health effects are a direct consequence of climate change. Therefore, if human beings are unable to have adequate amounts of food, safe drinking water and mainta in good health, then survival will become very difficult. Climate change also affects the ability of countries to achieve sustainable growth and development. The United Nations (2004) in its Brundtland Commission Report defines sustainable development as ‘the ability of the present generations to meet their current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy theirs. In light of the fact that climate is drastically affecting the ability of human beings to continue to adequately sustain themselves without further destroying the planet, sustainability will be more difficult to achieve. Black (2009) addresses climate change as it relates to development in his BBC News article entitled Bank Urges Climate ‘Action Now citing the point put forth by the World Development Report 2010 that â€Å"development will get harder, not easier, with climate change†. Development is one of the main ways in which governments are able to provide jobs and generate revenues. The resources found on planet earth are respo nsible for providing jobs and government revenue which all contribute to development. Climate change poses a serious threat to natural resources on sea and land with the intensification of natural disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes. According to AOSIS (2009) tropical storms have become more frequent and stronger. As a result of this, tremendous damage has been done to infrastructures such as international airports, homes hotels and road networks, which in turn puts a serious strain on governments financial resources and in turn hinders sustainable growth and development. For example, in 2004 hurricane Ivan wreaked havoc on Grenada and has left the country still struggling to recover. As a result of the destruction of most of the nutmeg crops the government was forced to turn to tourism as the countrys main income earner which is proving to be very difficult since balancing conservation of already strained natural resources with economic development is a very difficult task (Kelly, 2008). Also, the continued effects of climate change such as water shortages which the island is currently experiencing directly affect sustainable growth and development efforts since water is not only required for human consumption but for construction and other purposes. The fact that climate change affects the ability of human beings to survive as well as their ability to preserve the planet for use by future generations extends to a more serious matter which is that it could potentially threaten our very existence. Already, rise in sea levels have threatened the disappearance of entire populations. This is clearly exemplified in Bangladesh where, according to Shukman (2009) salty water could reach so far inland that the cultivation of staples which are essential for human survival could become very difficult. Coupled with this the occurrence of cyclones has left thousands homeless, killed many more and has caused widespread destruction and flooding. The very existence of 20 million people is being threatened as a result of climate change. Moreover, entire islands have already disappeared in Maldives, Kiribati and other Pacific Islands (AOSIS, 2009). In November 2006, at the United Nations negations on climate change held in Nairobi the vice preside nt of Kenya Moody Awori captured the essence of the seriousness of the climate change matter when he commenced the talks by stating that â€Å"climate change is rapidly emerging as one of the most serious threats humanity will ever face.† The evidence has shown and continues to show that he is absolutely right. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effects of climate change are a global crisis extending to the entire sphere of planet earth affecting the ability of human beings to survive, be sustainable and inevitably even exist. A plethora of events have taken place and continue to occur which underscores the urgency of the effects of climate change. The extreme weather patterns which are currently being experienced as compared to previous events can be emphasized using numerous examples from all over the world. What is most astonishing about this matter is that human beings contribute to its cause. It is quite ironic, that in our quest to improve and revolutionize the quality of our lives here on earth that we are the underlying cause of the destruction of the very earth that is our source of survival. Therefore, it is definitely apparent that urgent steps need to be employed in order to combat the problems caused by climate change. Human beings need to make an extra effort to correct t he error of our ways since our ability to survive and continue to exist here on earth critically depends on it. References Alliance of Small island States (AOSIS). (2009). Declaration on climate change 2009. New York. Black ,R. (2009). Bank urges climate action now. BBC News. Retrieved from https://angel.sgu.edu/Angel/section/default.asp?id=ASSSCI405%2D1%2D1%2D2010 Black, R. 2009. Climate targets will kill coral. BBC News. Retrieved from https://angel.sgu.edu/Angel/section/default.asp?id=ASSSCI405%2D1%2D1%2D2010goto Costello, A., Abbas M., Allen A. et al. (2009). Managing the health effects of climate change. Lancet and University College London Institute for Global Health Commission. Hudson, P. 2009. What happened to global warming? BBC News. Retrieved from https://angel.sgu.edu/Angel/section/content/default.asp?WCI=pgDisplayWCU=CRSCNTENTRY_ID=4D18682A8C7842578219AA7690673288 Kelly, A. (2008). Will tourism wreck Grenadas environment while rescuing its economy?gardian.co.uk. Retrieved from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/mar/31/grenada Shukman, D. (2009). Seas threaten 20m in Bangladesh. BBC News. Retrieved from https://angel.sgu.edu/Angel/section/default.asp?id=ASSSCI405%2D1%2D1%2D2010 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2004. Sustainable Development -Concept and Action. Retrieved from http://www.unece.org/oes/nutshell/2004-2005/focus_sustainable_development.htm U.S Environmental Protection Agency. (2010). Climate change basic information. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/basicinfo.html

Under what conditions would it be appropriate to use a process Essays

Under what conditions would it be appropriate to use a process costing system? Process costing system can be used in industries that produce essentially homogenous products on a continuous basis, such as bricks and paper. 2. In what ways are job-order and process costing similar? Job-order and process costing are similar in three ways that the book declares. One, both systems have the same basic purposes- to assign materials, labor, and overhead to products and to provide a mechanism for computing unit product costs. Second, both systems use the same basic manufacturing accounts, including Manufacturing Overhead, Raw Materials, Work In Process, and Finished Goods. Third, the flow of costs through the manufacturing accounts is basically the same in both systems. 3. Costing are accumulated by job-order costing system; how are cost accumulated in a process costing system? Under process costing, costs are accumulated by department, rather than by order, and assign these costs uniformly to all units that pass through the department during a period. 4. What two essential features characterize any processing department in a process costing system? The first feature is the activity performed in the processing department must be performed uniformly on all units passing through it. The second feature is the output of the processing department must be homogeneous. 5. Why is cost accumulation easier in a process costing department in a job-order ...

Essay --

ARTICLE ANALYSIS Both of the articles â€Å"Dancing with Professors† by Patricia Limerick and â€Å"Shitty First Drafts† by Anne Lamott resolve the issues faced by college students when writing papers. The first article, â€Å"Dancing with Professors,† explains why college professors expect more elaborate papers even though they assign dull and un-motivational reading to their students. On the other end of the writing spectrum, â€Å"Shitty First Drafts† explains how valuable the first draft is to students, and why students should not feel weary about writing them. In Patricia Limerick’s article â€Å"Dancing with Professors†, she argues the problems that college students must face in the present regarding writing. Essays are daunting to most college students, and given the typical lengths of college papers, students are not motivated to write the assigned essays. One of the major arguments in Limerick’s article is how â€Å"It is, in truth, difficult to persuade students to write well when they find so few good examples in their assigned reading.† To college students, this argument is true with most of their ...

A Lifelong Masquerade

They relied on men to provide all of their daily needs, so they Sistine and agreed to everything that they had to say. Rich heiress Portia, on the other hand, does not adhere to those expectations and rules. Through irony and pun, Portia proves herself to be an intelligent and witty woman who is not afraid to challenge traditional social norm. She is a heroine with refreshing Initiative that displays great knowledge of how to use her rare Intelligence to her advantage, to help the people that she cares about and to gain power.Jessica, Shylock daughter, also shows the traits of a strong woman who is willing to leave her avaricious father Enid for a new life as an accepted Christian rather than a hated Jew. Shakespeare contradicts the common role of women in the 17th century by making Portia, among other women, Instrumental in the plays development due to her intelligence, confidence and silent power. Portia, Jessica and Unreels all Juxtapose the traits of most Elizabethan women; they are witty, powerful and zealous rather than obedient, silent and motivated by blinding love.Portia shows dominance from the moment she is introduced in the play, which juxtaposes the passiveness of women in the Elizabethan era. She respects herself and knows that she is smart; she believes that men are her equals rather than her superiors. She is an educated woman who looks for a husband that values meaningful things, such as intelligence. Many men in the 17th century had superficial values, placing beauty and wealth over wit. Luckily, Portrait's late father has devised a plan to find her the best husband, avoiding a loveless marriage. Despite the strict rules, she has found a way to manipulate her father's â€Å"lottery (1. . 29), providing a clue to help her suitors choose the correct asset. Portia has many opportunities to show her dominance, including when speaking to Inertias about possible suitors. Inertias asks about Monsieur El Bon, and Portrait's reply Is Insolent; â€Å" God made him, and therefore let him pass for a man† (1. 2. 56-57). She Is not afraid to show her dominance by Insulting a man, which would be unruly for any other Elizabethan woman. She is also not afraid to step out of her comfort zone in order to save someone's life. Walking into a courtroom full of people in disguise as a young male is not something any woman would do.This raze act allows Portia to finally seem equal to the men around her because she is just as or even more intelligent. Portia shows her thorough knowledge of the law when she explains Schlock's predicament, ‘The law hath yet another hold on you. / It Shylock casually sharpen his knife on the sole of his shoe well until she can watch him leave the courtroom, with a sense of satisfaction. Her wit and eagerness to prove herself provide a positive outcome for Antonio, who is perceived as very physically and mentally weak at this point in the trial.Her dominant role prevails throughout he time in the court because Antonio is helpless in his time of need. Ultimately, it is a woman who devises the plan to save Notation's life from the â€Å"inhuman wretch† (4. 1. 4) that is Shylock. Although the end of the play is meant to provide comic relief, the theme of Portia and Inertia's power dominates the comedy. Their disguises fool everyone in the court, including Bastion and Granting. Once the women establish that they refuse to sleep in the same beds as their respective husbands until they get their rings back, both Bastion and Granting are desperate.Bastion pleads with Portia, â€Å"Nay, but hear me. Pardon this fault, and by my soul I swear / I never more will break an oath with thee† (5. 1. 265-67). Keeping their composure also shows how obstinate Portia and Inertia's minds are; they watch their husbands' beg them for forgiveness, powerless and inferior, Just for that moment. Portia and Inertias both say things intentionally to make their husbands feel guilty and to display the temporary power they have over them. After the men make their promises, Portia and Inertias assume their role as women and kindly forgive the men to resolve the conflict.An act like this would take a lot of courage on a woman's art, another Juxtaposing trait that the heroines of this play have that many women lacked in the seventeenth century. Portia shows a confidence and boldness that many Elizabethan women were devoid of. Women in the seventeenth century remained silent and were voiceless because they truly believed that men were their superiors. Portia is assertive and feels like she has the same power as any man. She openly Judges Prince Morocco, â€Å"If he have the condition of a saint and the complexion of a devil, I had rather he should shrive me than wives me† (1. . 129-31) because of his darker skin color. She will not settle for someone who has superficial values, despite the casket plot, further revealing her confidence and poise when speaking to a man that will not hesitate to objectify her. She does not feel that she has to respect Morocco simply because he is a man. Furthermore, Portia is also confident enough to reverse gender roles; men usually rate women, but in this case, through verbal irony, she reveals that she rates men instead. Lastly, Portia implementing herself in Notation's trial shows that she knows that she is equal to men.Even though she is disguised as a young man, her voice is heard. Portia valiantly tries to convince Shylock to show mercy to Antonio through a beautiful speech: ‘Its mightiest in the mightiest; it becomes The thorn ©d monarch better than his crown. His scepter shows the force of temporal power, The attribute to awe and majesty Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings; It is enthroned in the hearts of kings; It is an attribute to God Himself; (4. 1 . 194. 201) Portia first tries to persuade Shylock that only the strongest and most noble men show mercy.She compares the possible sense of emp owerment he will feel to God's likes God's When mercy seasons Justice. Therefore, Jew, Though Justice be thy plea; consider this: That in the course of Justice none of us Should see salvation. We do pray for mercy, And that same prayer doth teach us all to render The deeds of mercy. (4. 1. 202-08) Again, Portia refers to the power Shylock will have if he chooses not to kill Antonio. She hopes that he can show mercy despite being berated and publicly humiliated â€Å"many a time and oft† (1. 3. 116).This passage reveals that Portia is able to accept that Shylock has been treated unjustly because he is a â€Å"Jew'. She is not as callously indifferent as other Christians. She moves the whole courtroom with her powerful words; the only exception is Shylock. Her analysis of mercy and elevated diction do not convince him. Portrait's morale is emphasized in the courtroom because she is able to confidently win the trial. She helps orchestrate the resolution to the flesh bond plot, not holding back until the Christian's get what they want.She demonstrates the true power that women possess but are too apprehensive to show. Even though she has to disguise herself, she proves to the audience that a woman can be beautiful and wise. Shakespeare shines light on the hidden potential of Elizabethan women in The Merchant of Venice; a woman, such as Portia, Inertias or even Jessica would not be depicted as intelligent because that is a trait that was undervalued and underestimated in the seventeenth century. Men were the educated breadwinners that stole the spotlight from women for centuries.Despite the common notion of women being unintelligent, Shakespeare decides to show a different side of them by portraying Portia as an educated woman who speaks with an elevated diction and Jessica as a woman with a lot of strength and courage. Portia and Jessica obvious wisdom and awareness again Juxtapose against other women in the Elizabethan era because women were tutored at ho me and were unable to attend university. A woman's purpose was to get married and one day have children; all of their dreams would be put aside to maintain a good family name and positive reputation.Portia is aware of her expected role as a woman, but those expectations will not stop her from gaining the confidence to realize that she is a man's equal. When discussing suitors, she is able to voice her harsh opinion about the Duke of Saxony nephew without gestation, â€Å"When he is best he is a little worse than a man, and when he is worst he is little better than a beast† (1. 2. 86-90). She knows that she needs to find a husband that lives up to her standards, but by her father's will. Many men overlook her confidence and focus rather on her beauty and wealth.The Prince of Morocco even has the audacity to objectify Portia, saying that princes come to â€Å"view' (2. 7. 49) her as if she is a statue. He then places a monetary value on Portia, â€Å"Or shall I think in silve r she's immured, / Being ten times undervalued to tried gold? † (2. 7. 58-59) which Reuters her disdain for him. Afterwards, Portia reveals her quick wit in a new and different way – she puts on an act for Bastion, leading him to believe that she is weak and pathetic, showing a passive yet duplicitous side. She tells Bastion that she him.The audience is very aware of the fact that Portia does not believe what she is saying due to dramatic irony; she is actually strong-willed and refuses to be directed by a man. She has had power from the moment her father died until now, and she does not intend to lose it. Bastion believes the gimmick, and is left speechless, [Madam,] you have bereft me of all words† (3. 2. 179). Using her intelligence, Portia has found a way to preserve her power, which was rare for Elizabethan women to have in the first place. Jessica is also an example of a woman who is witty and has ambition.She coordinates her own escape and arranges her elop ement free from the watchful eye of her covetous father. Lorenz tells Granting how Jessica â€Å"hath directed / How I shall take her from her father's house, / What gold and Jewels she is furnished with† (2. 4. 33-35). Jessica is smart enough to realize that she will live a teeter life as a Christian without her father or any biological family. Using her wit, she devises a plan to remorselessly steal the money and Jewels that her father treasures and to run away to elope with a Christian man.She is also aware of her fathers hate for Christians, but carelessly runs away with one because she does not care about her father's feelings. Both Portia and Jessica are examples of strong-willed women with different motives but a similar drive – they are capable of realizing that they are not inferior to men and that they are allowed to be confident. Often, a man's Judgment of a woman's character is clouded by vague ideas based on appearance and/or social status.In The Merchant of Venice, William Shakespeare explores the hidden yet beautiful side of women that is not based on any sexist notion. Through characters like Portia, Inertias and Jessica, Shakespeare reveals that women have more to them than Just beauty and wealth, which is a common misconception in Portrait's case. Many women have a latent confidence, initiative and ability that can be provoked in a positive and accepting environment. Gender inequality has been an issue for many centuries because women are afraid to speak out.Both men and women should work together rather than try to tear each other down because both genders have incredible ideas to offer the world. Both genders require each other's help to maintain balance and peace through acceptance and resolutions that will benefit both men and women alike. We were created by God to take care of the earth and each other but without love and equality, this task is virtually impossible. Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. New York: Fo lder Shakespeare Library, 2010. Print.